弧边桌面对儿童体压分布的影响研究

Study on the Influence of Arc-side Desk on the Distribution of Body Pressure in Children

为探讨课桌椅造型设计对儿童健康的影响,本文采用人体压力分布实验的手段,对比儿童在使用弧边桌和直边桌时的相关体压数据与主观感受;相比常规直边桌,比对分析弧边桌面对儿童体压分布的影响。实验测量了被试在使用直边桌和弧边桌伏案时座面体压分布和桌面体压分布,并加入直腰坐的体压分布作为对比,按照臀部、大腿,肘部和腕部对相关压力区域进行了详细划分,选取峰值压力(Pm)和接触压力(Pv)两项典型指标数据作为分析要点并将其与主观实验问卷结合。结果表明,儿童使用直边桌时躯干前倾角度大,臀部有减少接触面积的趋势,因此臀部峰值压力和接触压力更大,大腿区域的差异不大;同时,使用直边桌时头颈前倾,重心前移,颈部与肘部承受的压力更大,更容易产生疲劳,导致儿童趴桌这样的不良坐行为。在使用弧边桌时双前臂可以自然下垂接触桌面,躯干前倾角的角度减小,颈部的压力也随之减小,体压分布与主观评分值更佳。其中,主观问卷相关性分析表明,使用直边桌和弧边桌时,臀部和肘部的差异明显,具有比较显著的相关性,使用弧边桌时舒适性更高。因此,儿童伏案作业弧边桌面设计更有利舒适健康。

To probe into the inffuence of children health on design of desk,In this paper,we use the method of human pressure distribution experiment to study children's body pressure date and subjective feelings when using arc-edged tables and straight-edged tables.Comparing the influence of arc-edged tables on children's experience distribution with conventional straight-edged tables.The pressure distribution on the seat surface and the table surface were measured experimentally when the subjects were sitting at a straight-edged table and a curved-edged table.And the body pressure distribution of straight waist seats was added as a comparison.The related pressure areas were divided into hip,thigh,elbow and wrist in detailedly.Peak pressure(Pm)and contact pressure(Pv)were selected as two typical indicators and combine subjective experimental questionnaire to analysis.The results show that children use straight-sided tables with large body tilt angles,the area of buttock contact tends to decrease,so peak pressure and contact pressure of buttocks are higher.At the same time,when using the straight-side table,head and neck tilt forward,the center of gravity move forward,so neck and elbow need to bear more pressure,which can easily lead to children's bad sitting behavior such as lying on the table.When using a curved table,arms can drop naturally and touch the table,the body forward angle decreases,neck pressure also decreases,so the body pressure distribution and subjective score value are better.Among that,subjective questionnaire correlation analysis shows that buttocks and elbows had significant correlation.therefore,on condition of child's sedentary operation,arc-side desk design is bettar for children health.