铜火法冶炼过程中杂质元素的分布规律及对回收率的影响机理探究

Distribution of impurity elements in copper pyrometallurgical process and its influence on the recovery

凉山矿业昆鹏公司采用“ISA炉富氧顶吹浸没熔池熔炼→PS转炉吹炼→回转式阳极炉精炼”和“双转双吸烟气制酸”工艺生产阳极铜和硫酸,原料杂质含量高、铜品位低已成为常态,探清各种杂质元素对阳极铜质量和金属回收率的影响机理有重要意义。通过在2010~2015年期间对生产过程中各种杂质元素及阳极铜质量和金属回收率进行了跟踪、分析计算和验证,得出以下主要结论:As、Pb、Zn、Sb、Bi、Cl等易挥发杂质对Cu回收率的影响可忽略不计,但对Au、Ag的回收率影响较大;Ca、Mg、Al等杂质通过直接影响渣型造成对Cu回收率的较大影响;原料中要严格限制碲和铋,这两种元素可导致浇铸出的阳极板拉伸性能较差,容易开裂、脆断;原料中砷也要严格控制,砷进入硫酸系统很容易造成触媒中毒,还会产生大量砷渣,导致处置费用大幅上升;单独处理返尘及阳极炉返渣,是消除杂质危害的一项有效措施。

The process of“ISA furnace rich oxygen top blowing immersion bath smelting→PS converter blowing→rotary anode furnace refining”and“double-turn double-smoking gas making acid”is adopted to product anode copper and sulfuric acid in Kunpeng Co.Ltd.of Liangshan Mining Industry Co.,Ltd..High impurity content and low copper grade of raw materials have become normal,so it is of great significance to find out the influence mechanism of the impurity elements on the anode copper quality and metal recovery.Through tracking,analyzing and verifying of the impurity elements,the anode copper quality and metal recovery rate during the production process from 2010 to 2015,the following main conclusions are obtained:As,Pb,Zn,Sb,Bi and Cl volatile impurities have negligible effects on the Cu recovery,but have a greater impact on the recovery of Au and Ag;Ca,Mg,and Al impurities have a great impact on the Cu recovery by directly affecting the slag;Ti and Bi in raw materials should be strictly limited,because these two elements can cause the anode plate poor tensile properties,easy to crack and brittle;As in raw materials should also be strictly controlled,because the arsenic entering the sulfuric acid system can easily cause catalyst poisoning,and produced a large amount of arsenic slag,resulting in a huge disposal costs;separately treating the return dust and anode furnace slag is an effective measure to eliminate the hazards of impurities.