重茬胁迫对不同苹果砧木叶片光合能力及抗氧化酶活性的影响

Effects of Heavy Stress on Photosynthetic Capacity and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Leaves of Different Apple Rootstocks

以抗重茬砧木AM1、平邑甜茶、八棱海棠、M9T337为试材,通过生长量、叶片叶绿素含量、叶片光合参数、荧光参数及叶片抗氧化酶活性研究,评价4种砧木耐重茬能力。结果表明,AM1、平邑甜茶砧木重茬土与正茬土处理间株高没有显著差异,八棱海棠、M9T337重茬土处理的株高均显著低于正茬土的,平邑甜茶、八棱海棠、M9T337三种砧木重茬土处理的新梢生长量、叶鲜重均显著低于正茬土处理的,抗重茬砧木AM1却表现出二者之间无显著差异;AM1、平邑甜茶、八棱海棠、M9T337叶片叶绿素含量显著下降,但AM1下降幅度最小,为12.8%,其次是平邑甜茶,为17.9%,AM1、平邑甜茶叶片净光合速率无显著变化,八棱海棠、M9T337叶片净光合速率显著降低;重茬土处理的新引进砧木AM1、平邑甜茶叶片荧光参数ΦPSⅡ、qP、NPQ、Fv/Fm、ETR无显著性差异,八棱海棠、M9T337叶片荧光参数ΦPSⅡ、qP、Fv/Fm、ETR均显著下降,而NPQ显著上升;SOD、POD活性均表现显著降低,但AM1下降幅度最小,分别为27.5%和20.0%,其次是平邑甜茶,为27.9%、30.6%,AM1、平邑甜茶CAT活性较对照无显著差异,八棱海棠、M9T337CAT活性显著降低。综合来看,AM1表现出很好的抗重茬能力,其次是平邑甜茶、八棱海棠,M9T337抗重茬能力最弱。

The newly introduced rootstock AM1,Pingyi sweet tea,octagonal sea bream and M9T337 were used as materials to evaluate the resistance of four rootstocks to growth resistance by growth,leaf chlorophyll content,leaf photosynthetic parameters,fluorescence parameters and leaf antioxidant enzyme activities.The results showed that there was no significant difference between the newly introduced rootstock AM1 and the flat soil of Pingshuo sweet tea and the height of normal soil.The plant height of the eight-sided sea bream and the M9T337 heavy-soil was significantly lower than that of the normal soil,Pingyi sweet tea,octagonal jellyfish and M9T337.The growth rate and fresh weight of new shoots of rootstock were significantly lower than that of normal soil.The newly introduced anti-heavy rootstock AM1 showed no significant difference between them;the chlorophyll content of AM1,Pingyi sweet tea,Balconies and M9T337 leaves Significantly decreased,but AM1 decreased the least,which was 12.8%,followed by Pingyi sweet tea,which was 17.9%.There was no significant change in the net photosynthetic rate of AM1 and Pingyi sweet tea leaves.The net photosynthetic rate of Malus robusta and M9T337 leaves decreased significantly.There were no significant differences in the fluorescence parametersΦPSII,qP,NPQ,Fv/Fm and ETR of the newly introduced rootstocks AM1 and Pingyi sweet tea.The fluorescence parametersΦPSII,qP,Fv/Fm and ETR of the eight leaves and the M9T337 were significantly decreased.NPQ increased significantly;SOD and POD activities showed a significant decrease,but the decrease of AM1 was the smallest,27.5%,20.0%,followed by Pingyi sweet tea,which was 27.9%,30.6%.The CAT activity of AM1 and Pingyi sweet tea was better.There was no significant difference,and the activity of octopus and M9T337CAT was significantly reduced.On the whole,it showed good resistance to heavy sputum,followed by Pingyi sweet tea and octagonal sea bream,while M9T337 had the weakest anti-heavy ability.