天津市水稻田土壤养分与施肥情况调研分析

Investigation and Analysis of Soil Nutrients and Fertilization in Rice Paddy Fields in Tianjin

2018年4月,在天津市主要水稻种植区域选择18个代表点,通过采集土样和理化指标检测、施肥情况调查,并与2008年土壤检测、农户施肥调查历史数据进行比较分析。结果表明:当前水稻田土壤肥力处于中高水平,10年来,pH值降低0.2,有机质提高1.4 g·kg^-1,水溶性盐提高0.97 g·kg^-1,全氮降低0.1 g·kg^-1,有效磷增加14.1 mg·kg^-1,速效钾增加14 mg·kg^-1;天津市水稻施肥水平提高明显,平均施氮磷钾纯养分总量减少18.9 kg·hm^-2,纯氮增加2.7 kg·hm^-2,五氧化二磷减少51 kg·hm^-2,氧化钾增加29.4 kg·hm^-2。施肥成本平均减少600元·hm^-2,有效降低了施肥量,施肥结构不断调整;最后,针对水稻田土壤养分状况和施肥现状,提出了水稻田施肥原则和建议措施。

In April 2018,18 representative points were selected for fertilization in major rice planting areas in Tianjin,and soil samples and physical and chemical indicators were analyzed and tested in two layers.Through the comparison and analysis with the historical data of soil testing and farmer fertilization survey in 2008,the soil nutrients and fertilization in rice fields in Tianjin were formed.Results showed that current soil fertility levels in paddy fields were at medium to high fertility levels,with a decrease of 0.2 pH,an increase of 1.4 g·kg^-1 in organic matter,0.97 g·kg^-1 in water-soluble salt,0.1 g·kg^-1 in total nitrogen and 14.1 mg·kg^-1 in effective phosphorus over the past 10 years,Quick-impact potassium increased by 14 mg·kg^-1;The fertilization level of rice in Tianjin increased significantly,the total amount of pure nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium was reduced by 18.9 kg·hm^-2,the total nitrogen was increased by 2.7 kg·hm^-2,the phosphorus pentoxide was reduced by 51 kg·hm^-2,the potassium oxide was increased by 29.4 kg·hm^-2,and the cost of fertilizer was reduced by an average of 600 yuan·hm^-2,effectively reducing the fertilizer amount,fertilization structure is constantly adjusted;According to the soil nutrient status and fertilization status of paddy fields,the principles and measures of fertilization in paddy fields were put forward.