清代河南应对生态恶化的治理措施及其效果

The Measures and Effects of Governing Ecological Environment in Henan Province in the Qing Dynasty

生态环境的变迁既是一个自然化的过程,又是一个社会化的过程。清代河南的生态环境因黄河泛溢及经济开发政策上的急功近利而日趋恶化,大面积肥沃的农田沙碱化,山地林木植被被毁童山化,工业污染也日益显现,自然灾害频繁,使得人居生态环境日趋恶化,直接影响到生产生活与社会稳定。面对这种生态环境的变化,清政府采取了一系列措施进行治理,虽然取得了局部成效,使河南经济社会得以缓慢发展,但却无法遏止生态恶化的趋势。科学评估清人治理河南生态的成败得失,对当今探索解决环境问题的有效途径具有启迪意义和借鉴价值。

The change of ecological environment is a process of both naturalization and socialization.In the Qing Dynasty,the ecological environment of Henan Province is deteriorated due to the flood of the Yellow River and the rapid success of economic development policies.Vegetations are destroyed and industrial pollution becomes obvious,which makes the ecological environment worsen,and affects production and social stability.In the face of these changes,the Qing government takes a series of measures.Although some achievements have been made,the economic and social development of Henan Province has been slow,but the ecological deterioration cannot be stopped.Scientific evaluation of the success of failure of Qing people's ecological governance in Henan has enlightenment significance and reference value to explore effective ways to solve environmental problems.