明代宣大总督的专职助手

The Assistant of Xuan-Da Governor-General in Ming Dynasty

宣大总督的专职助手设于嘉靖二十五年(1546),最初为阳和兵备道,职责主要是总督标兵的招募与管理、看护总督办公文件,后又增加了管理卫所、城堡的职责。阳和兵备道因守土之责渐重,其角色为宣大监军屯牧道继承,负责监督调发状态的战兵及屯牧事宜。宣大监军屯牧道又被阳标监军道与怀标监军道取代,两道负责监督行进中的战兵及阳、怀两标的日常管理。专职助手的核心任务是管理总督标兵,而总督以其专职助手监督三镇战兵的事实,体现出明代“以文统武”军事体制强化的迹象。

Xuan-Da Governor-General’s assistant was set up at 1546AD,it was usually called Yanghe Military circuit,its duties included biaobing’recruitment and management,looked after governor’s office files,managed barbacans,and so on.It’s replaced by Xuan-Da jianjun tunmu dao which supervised mobile forces and took charge of State Farm,later,Xuan-Da jianjun tunmu dao was also be superseded by Yangbiao jianjun dao and Huaibiao jianjun dao,they administrated Yangbiao and Huaibiao,and also supervised mobile forces.The assistant’s major duty was in charge of biaobing,but the fact that the governor let its assistant supervise mobile forces which came from three military towns reflected the enhancement of“yi wen tong wu”military system in Ming Dynasty.