破产法程序下银行贷款合同加速到期条款的研究

On Accelerated Maturity Clause of Bank Loan Contract under Bankruptcy Law

借款合同中加速到期条款是贷款人广泛使用的管控借贷风险的方式,从该条款的概念、性质和效力出发,应认定加速到期条款有效.比较研究国外的偏颇性清偿制度,结合我国破产法的规定,分析出破产撤销权制度的构成要件和例外规定,同时应该将债权人的善意或恶意纳入考虑因素.银行扣划借款人账户资金的清偿行为,原则上可以撤销.银行对借款人银行账户中的资金在破产程序中能否行使抵销权,需根据借款人银行账户的性质区分认定,对企业定期存款账户中的资金可以抵销,对结算账户和信托保管类账户中的资金原则上禁止抵销.

Accelerated maturity clauses in loan contracts are widely used by lenders to control lending risks,based on the concept,nature and effect of this clause,the accelerated expiration clause should be considered effective.This paper makes a comparative study of the biased payment system in foreign countries,and analyzes the components and exceptions of the system of the right of cancellation of bankruptcy combined with the provisions of the bankruptcy law in China.At the same time,the goodwill or malice of creditors should be taken into account.The bank may,in principle,revoke the act of withholding funds from the borrower's account.Whether the bank can exercise the right to set off the funds in the borrower's bank account in the bankruptcy proceedings shall be determined according to the nature of the borrower's bank account.Funds in fixed deposit accounts of enterprises can be set off,while funds in settlement accounts and trust and custody accounts are prohibited in principle.