中俄原油管道沿线冻害分布特征研究

Study on the Distribution Characteristics of Freeze Injury along China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline

中俄原油管道是我国能源战略通道之一,管道穿越大兴安岭的多年冻土区,工程地质条件十分复杂,冻害极其发育,严重影响了管道的正常运营。通过对中俄原油管道沿线冻害现象进行现场勘察,对冻胀丘、冰椎、地下冰、冻拔、热融沉陷等冻害现象进行详细的野外踏勘测量,掌握沿线冻害分布情况,分析绘制了中俄原油管道沿线冻害分布图。研究发现,在伊勒呼里山岭地带,多年冻土连续分布,泉冰椎极其发育,公路边坡涎流冰严重;在低山丘陵地带,岛状冻土分布,冻胀丘十分发育,管道拱管漏油多发生于此处,上覆回填土纵长裂缝十分明显;在高温多年冻土地带,泉冰椎、冻胀丘均有分布。本次调查所得冻害分布结果可作为中俄原油管道勘察、设计、施工以及沿线冻害治理的理论参考,为中俄原油管道二期工程的安全运营提供科学依据。

China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline is one of the strategic energy channels of China,and it passes through the permafrost region of Greater Khingan,where the engineering geological conditions are very complicated and freeze injuries are extremely developed,so as to affect the normal operation of pipeline seriously.Through investigating the freeze injury phenomena along China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline,such as froze heaving,ice piton,underground ice,frost heaving and hot melt subsidence,their distribution conditions are mastered,and the distribution map of freeze injury phenomena along China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline is analyzed and drawn.The study finds that in Yilehuli Mountains the permafrost distributes continuously,ice pitons of spring are well developed,and salivary flow ice of highway slopes is serious.In regions of low mountains and hilly,island permafrost distributes,froze heaving develops well,pipeline oil leakages mostly occur here,and the longitudinal cracks of the overburden backfill are very obvious.In the high temperature permafrost zone,ice pitons of spring and froze heaving are all distributed.The results of this investigation can be used as the theoretical reference for the prospecting,design,construction and freeze injury control along the pipeline,providing a scientific basis for the safe operation of the second phase of China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline.