论抢劫罪的结构

The Structure of the Crime of Robbery

要成立抢劫罪,行为人的暴力或者胁迫必须达到足以压制被害人反抗的程度。判断被害人有无被压制反抗的危险,应该同时考察该人的体力、性格等个别情况,因而未必要求暴力、胁迫行为本身程度严重,即便是轻微的暴力、胁迫,只要具有压制现实的被害人反抗的高度危险性,仍然属于抢劫罪的实行行为。而且,只要存在压制被害人反抗的危险性,即便实际上并未压制被害人的反抗,也存在抢劫罪的实行行为性。对于“抢了就跑”的行为,要例外地认定成立抢劫罪,必须是通过实施激烈暴力,制造被害人物理上无法抵抗的状况,或者通过暴力、胁迫在精神上压制被害人。压制被害人的反抗之后,才产生夺取其财物的意思并夺取了财物的,要成立抢劫罪,必须存在指向夺取财物的新的暴力、胁迫,但其程度可以大幅轻于通常意义上的抢劫。

If the violence or coercion the perpetrator uses is strong enough to overwhelm the victim’s resistance,then the offense of robbery will be established.When we determine whether there is a danger that the victim’s resistance is suppressed by the perpetrator’s use of violence,we have to take into consideration the victim’s physical and psychological conditions:therefore,the degree and intensity of the violence or coercion involved is not in itself a necessary factor;that is,if the suppression of the victim’s resistance is relatively dangerous enough,the offence,though the violence or coercion involved is light in itself,still belongs to the category of robbery.Moreover,if there is a danger of suppressing the victim’s resistance,the offence can also be considered to be a robbery despite the suppression has not actually taken place.As for the offence of"grab and run",it can be established as an exceptional type of robbery only when serious violence is used to make the victim physically unable to resist it or the victim is mentally suppressed by violence or coercion.On some occasions,the perpetrator does not have the intention to rob the victim of his property and actually take the property by force or coercion until he has successfully suppressed the victim’s resistance.In this case,the crime of robbery can be established only when new violence or coercion is used,the intensity of which can be lighter than that involved in a usual case of robbery.