我国第三产业全要素生产率区域差异及影响因素研究

Study on Regional Differences and Influencing Factors of Total Factor Productivity of Tertiary Industry in China

根据世界发达国家的普遍经验,第三产业的发展程度反映了经济社会的发展程度。第三产业全要素生产率衡量了第三产业除所有投入要素以外的促进产出增长的因素。在广泛借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,使用DEA-Malmquist指数法和SFA方法测算了我国2001-2015年第三产业全要素生产率并按照南部沿海地区等八大经济区考察了其区域差异;采用进入司法程序的领导干部比例衡量反腐力度,并将第三产业从业人数比重以及R&D投入强度两个变量共同作为影响因素考察了其对第三产业全要素生产率的影响作用。结果表明:第一,第三产业全要素生产率存在明显的区域差异,以东部沿海地区为代表的发达地区明显高于西北地区等欠发达地区,而且区域差异目前并未表现出趋同特征;第二,第三产业全要素生产率的区域差异主要是由技术进步的差异导致的;第三,第三产业从业人数比重、R&D投入强度和反腐力度都是第三产业全要素生产率的主要影响因素,其区域差异主要来自R&D投入强度的巨大差异。最后从持续增加R&D投入、促进产业转移和技术扩散以及坚定不移推进反腐败斗争三个方面提出了可行的政策建议。

According to the general experience of the developed countries in the world,the development level of tertiary industry reflects the development level of the economy and society.The total factor productivity of tertiary industry measures the factors that promote the output growth of tertiary industry besides all input factors.After extensive reference to the achievements of previous studies,the total factor productivity of tertiary industry in 2001 to 2015 years was measured by the DEA-Malmquist index method and SFA,the regional differences were divided into the eight major economic zones,such as the southern coastal areas.The results show three conclusions.First,there are obvious regional differences in the total factor productivity of the tertiary industry.The developed areas represented by the eastern coastal areas are obviously higher than those in the less developed areas such as the northwest region,and the regional differences have not shown the convergence characteristics at present.Second,the regional difference of TFP in tertiary industry is mainly caused by the difference of technological progress.Third,the proportion of employees in tertiary industry,the intensity of R&D input and the strength of anti-corruption are the main factors affecting the total factor productivity of the third industry,and their regional differences are mainly due to the huge difference in the input intensity of the R&D.Finally,it puts forward feasible policy suggestions from three aspects:Increasing the intensity of R&D input,promoting industrial transfer and technology diffusion,and unswervingly pushing forward the fight against corruption.