回归与突破：我国刑法因果关系在归属层面的厘清

Regression or Breakthrough: On Attribution of Causality in China’s Criminal Law in Criminal Law

我国传统因果关系理论对因果关系作纯客观定位的同时在判断上混入了一定的规范内涵,这使它在结果归属层面存在含混不清的缺陷,也使它在具体案件处理上缺乏司法适应性。作为欧陆刑法因果关系理论晚近学说的修正的相当因果关系说和危险的现实化理论,都没有在结果归属层面抛弃规范的内容,更没有将刑法因果关系的成立范围局限于客观的层面。并且,尽管修正的相当因果关系说、危险的现实化理论和客观归属论都没能提供完善的结果归属判断标准,但客观归属论在方法论、下位规则等方面对刑法因果关系理论完善具有明显的比较优势。我国传统因果关系理论危机的应对不是一条回归刑法因果关系是纯客观的判断之路,而是一条在借鉴归属层面理论有益素材基础上纳入规范性判断的突破之路。

China’s traditional causality theory makes a purely objective orientation of causality and at the same time mixes some normative connotations in judgment,which renders it difficult to make reasonable normative judgments and causes a lack of judicial adaptability in dealing with specific cases.In the Continental countries,the revised equivalent causality theory and the dangerous content completion theory are the two latest developments in causality attribution in criminal law.They have neither abandoned the content of norms on normative judgment,nor limited the establishment scope of causation in criminal law to the objective level.So far,the revised equivalent causality theory,the dangerous content completion theory and the objective attribution theory have failed to provide adequate criteria for normative judgment.However,the objective attribution theory has some obvious comparative advantages in methodology and subordinate rules.Rather than returning to purely objective judgment,the solution to the crises in China’s traditional causality theory requires a theoretical breakthrough characterized by incorporating the appropriate elements of objective attribution theory into the normative judgement when determining the causality in criminal cases.