改革开放以来我国邻避问题的演变趋势及其影响因素——基于365起邻避冲突的分析

The Evolution Trend of China’s NIMBY Problem Since Reform and Opening-Up and Its Influencing Factors——Analysis Based on 365 NIMBY Conflict Cases

我国邻避问题的出现不晚于20世纪末期。在时间维度上,我国邻避问题的演变经历了萌芽(2006年之前)、快速兴起(2007年至2016年)和转型(2017年至今)三个阶段。目前,我国的邻避问题有所缓和,邻避冲突的数量、规模、对抗程度和社会影响有下降的迹象。在空间维度上,邻避问题呈现出从大城市向中小城市和农村蔓延、从东部向中西部地区扩散的演变趋势。在组织与动员方面,邻避抗争从依赖互联网转向倚重传统的动员方式,并且朝着无组织化方向发展。邻避问题的演变趋势受经济发展水平、环境治理、政治机会结构、媒体结构和邻避设施迁移等因素的影响。我们应该加强对邻避问题总体现状和发展趋势的研究,重视公众的环境诉求,完善环境治理体制。

The emergence of China’s NIMBY problem is no later than the end of the 20th century.In terms of time dimension,the evolution of China’s NIMBY problem has experienced three stages:germination(before 2006),rapid rise(2007-2016)and transformation(2017-present).Currently,China’s NIMBY problem is somewhat tempered,and the number,scale,degree of confrontation and social impact of the NIMBY problem are showing signs of decline.In the spatial dimension,the NIMBY phenomenon shows a trend of spreading from big cities to small and medium-sized cities and rural areas,and from the eastern to the central and western regions.In terms of organization and mobilization,the NIMBY protest has shifted from relying on the Internet to relying on traditional mobilization methods and moving towards unorganized.The development trend of the NIMBY problem is affected by factors such as the level of economic development,environmental governance,political opportunity structure,media structure and transfer of NIMBY facilities.We should strengthen the study of the overall situation and development trend of China’s NIMBY problem,attach importance to the public’s environmental demands,and improve the environmental governance system.