装配式日光温室砌筑不同蓄热墙体的增温和草莓栽培效果

Warming and strawberry cultivation effect of building heat storage walls in assembled solar greenhouse

针对西北沙漠地区日光温室冬季夜间室内低温的问题,以新疆和田使用的装配式日光温室为研究对象,通过在温室内北侧砌筑砖墙体、砌块墙体和砌块填充沙土墙体3种材质的蓄热墙体,采用PT100铂电阻温度传感器对试验温室墙体、室内温度进行测试,并进行草莓栽培试验,用ACS-30型天平、LH-B55型数显折光仪进行草莓质量、可溶性固形物含量测量。由试验数据得,3种蓄热墙体体积、尺寸相同条件下,蓄热性能依次是:砌块填充沙土墙体>砌块墙体>砖墙体。装配式日光温室内砌筑砖墙体、砌块墙体和砌块填充沙土墙体,使得室温较装配式日光温室早晨07:00分别增加2.2、2.9和3.8℃。采用同样的种植管理技术,栽培的草莓开花期分别比原装配式日光温室早7、11和14 d,成熟期早14、17和20 d,单棚产量依次高24.2%、30.1%和33.4%,比装配式温室的草莓可溶性固形物质量分数平均值高1.4、2.1和2.6个百分点。进一步验证了墙体对日光温室热贡献的重要性,且砂浆砌块墙体比砖墙体增温效果明显,该墙体温室更适宜草莓生长。新砌筑墙体蓄热量与装配式温室热负荷计算数值一致,表明在没有其他加温设施的情况下,温室内新砌的墙体是室内夜间热源,可使温室内温度增加。该文为西北沙漠区日光温室墙体蓄热材料和结构设计提供参考,为日光温室内砂浆砌块的应用研究提供了依据。

To solve the problem of low temperature inside the solar greenhouses during the winter nights in Northwest desert area of China,a case study was conducted on the assembled solar greenhouse,which is widely used in Hetian area,Xinjiang Province.Three types of walls with different building materials,i.e.,the brick wall,block wall,and the sand-filled block wall,were built in the north sides of the solar greenhouses with the purpose to improve its heat storage properties and consequently to increase the indoor temperatures during the winter nights.Temperatures of the north walls and indoor environments of the solar greenhouses were continuously monitored with the TC100 sensors.The effect of different heat storage walls on strawberry cultivation inside the greenhouses was evaluated.The mass weight and solid soluble content of the strawberry were measured by ACS-30 balance and LH-B55 digital refractometer,respectively.Results showed that the heat storage performances of the three types of north walls with identical volumes and dimensions were as followings:Sand-filled block wall>block wall>brick wall.The internal temperatures of the three heat storage walls were 9.7,10.4,and 11.3℃,respectively.The brick wall,block wall and sand-filled block wall averagely increased the indoor temperatures of the assembled solar greenhouses by 2.2,2.9,and 3.8℃at 07:00 in the morning,respectively.The indoor temperatures of four greenhouses are 7.4,9.6,10.3,and 11.2℃respectively.The same planting management technology was adopted for the three tested solar greenhouses.The flowering dates of the cultivated strawberries using the three heat storage walls were 7 days,11 days,and 14 days earlier than those of the original solar greenhouses without any modifications,and the maturities of strawberries were 14 days,17 days,and 20 days earlier,respectively.The strawberry yields were 24.2%,30.1%,and 33.4%higher,and meanwhile,the soluble solid contents of the strawberry in the treated groups were 1.4 percentage points,2.1 percentage points,and 2.6 percentage points greater than those in the original fabricated greenhouses.The average soluble solids content of strawberry cultivated in three greenhouses reached 11.5%,12.2%,and 12.7%respectively.The results again verify the importance of thermal properties of the north wall on the microenvironment of the solar greenhouses.Among the modifications,the mortar block wall is more effective than the brick wall,providing a better environment for strawberry growth in the greenhouse.The heat storage capacity of the new tested walls was consistent with the calculated heat load of the assembled greenhouses,indicating that the newly built walls in the greenhouse without supplemental heating systems were the driven source for the indoor environment improvement during the nighttime.The thermal load of fabricated solar greenhouse envelope was 70.3 MJ/h.The calculated value of heat emitted from the heat storage wall into the greenhouse was 91.1和119.3 MJ,respectively.This paper provides a reference for the heat storage material selection and structural design,as well as a basis for the application and research of mortar blocks in assembled solar greenhouses in the desert area of Northwest China.