成都双流国际机场鸟击风险与鸟类群落关系研究

A Study on the Relationship Between Bird Strike Risk and Bird Community in Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport

2015年10月—2016年9月,对成都双流国际机场净空区的鸟类群落进行了调查,结合近5年(2012—2016年)机场对鸟击事件的统计资料,对机场的鸟类群落和鸟击特征进行了研究。结果显示:(1)共记录鸟类16目47科124种,繁殖鸟占优势(69.35%);(2)共统计鸟击事件408次,主要发生在春季、夏季和秋季,其中,38起鸟击事件确认了19种肇事鸟种,以家燕Hirundo rustica、金腰燕Cecropis daurica、麻雀Passer montanus、白头鹎Pycnonotus sinensis、小云雀Alauda gulgula等广性分布的繁殖鸟为主;(3)机场围界内、外的优势种和常见种存在差异,一半以上的场内优势种和常见种是鸟击肇事鸟种;(4)半数以上的鸟击事件肇事鸟种是鸟击风险评估等级为严重危险等级的鸟类;(5)鸟击事件主要发生在鸟类繁殖季和秋季迁徙时段。根据调查结果对成都双流国际机场的鸟击防范工作提出了综合防治建议。

According to the survey on bird community during October 2015 to September 2016 and the statistical data of bird strikes during 2012-2016 in Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport,the relationship of bird strikes and bird communities were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)a total of 124 species belonging to 47 families and 16 orders of birds were recorded with Passerine birds as the most encountered species.(2)In the recent 5 years,408 bird strikes which mainly happened in spring,summer and autumn were recorded in Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport.Among them,19 bird species,which were mainly widely distributed breeding birds such as Hirundo rustica,Cecropis daurica,Passer montanus,Pycnonotus sinensis,Alauda gulgula,etc,had been confirmed to be related with 38 bird strikes.(3)There are differences between the dominant species,common species in and out of the airport;more than half of the dominant and common species in the airport caused bird strikes;The dominant species and the common species in the airport are more likely to cause bird strikes.(4)According to the result of bird strike risk assessment and bird strike analysis,more than half of the bird strikes were caused by bird species at serious dangerous level.(5)Bird strikes occurred mainly in bird breeding seasons and migration seasons.Based on these results,some mitigation measures which might help to reduce bird strikes in Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport were proposed.