河南省花生主产区土壤养分状况评价及施肥改进建议

Evaluation of Soil Nutrient Status and Suggestions for Fertilization in Main Peanut Production Areas of Henan Province

为全面了解河南省花生产区土壤养分丰缺状况,在花生典型种植区(豫南正阳县、豫西南方城县、豫东民权县及豫北清丰县)采集了122个土壤样品,比较并评价了各花生产区的土壤pH值及有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效硫、有效铁、有效锌含量的状况。结果表明,河南省花生产区有机质含量平均值为15.61 g/kg,92.62%的土壤有机质含量处于缺乏水平;全氮、速效钾、有效硫含量平均值分别为1.01 g/kg、120.48 mg/kg、35.60 mg/kg,分别有45.08%、36.07%、50.00%的土壤处于全氮、速效钾、有效硫含量缺乏水平;速效磷、有效铁、有效锌含量平均值分别为37.92、90.58、1.16 mg/kg,分别有7.38%、1.64%、0.82%的土壤处于速效磷、有效铁、有效锌含量缺乏水平。从不同产区来看,豫南、豫西南产区土壤分别呈酸性、弱酸性,豫北、豫东产区土壤呈碱性;各产区有机质、全氮含量均偏低,豫南、豫东、豫西南产区土壤有机质、全氮含量均高于豫北;各产区土壤速效磷、有效铁含量主要处于中等及丰富水平,具体表现为豫南、豫西南产区土壤速效磷、有效铁含量高于豫东、豫北产区;各产区土壤速效钾含量主要处于中等及缺乏水平,以豫东产区最高,豫北产区最低;豫南产区土壤有效硫含量较高,其他3个产区偏低;土壤有效锌含量大小顺序为豫东产区>豫西南产区>豫北产区>豫南产区。因此,今后河南省花生产区应注重增施有机肥和钾肥,严格控制磷肥施用,同时要根据区域进行针对性施肥,豫南产区注意补施锌肥,豫东、豫北、豫西南产区注意补施硫肥。

To fully understand the soil nutrient status in peanut production areas of Henan Province,a total of 122 soil samples were collected from four typical peanut planting areas(Zhengyang County in southern Henan,Fangcheng County in southwestern Henan,Minquan County in eastern Henan,Qingfeng County in northern Henan),and their pH value and organic matter(OM),total nitrogen(TN),available phosphorus(aP),available potassium(aK),available sulfur(aS),available iron(aFe)and available zinc(aZn)contents were compared and evaluated.The results showed that,the average of SOM content in the Henan Province production area was 15.61 g/kg,and 92.62%of soils were at the deficiency level;the averages of TN,aK,aS contents were 1.01 g/kg,120.48 mg/kg,35.60 mg/kg,respectively,and there were 45.08%,36.07%,50.00%soils at the TN,aK,aS deficiency level,respectively;the averages of aP,aFe,aZn contents were 37.92,90.58,1.16 mg/kg,respectively,and there were 7.38%,1.64%,0.82%soils at the aP,aFe deficiency level.For different production areas,soils in the southern and southwestern production areas of Henan were acidic and weakly acidic respectively and the soils in the northern and eastern production areas of Henan were alkaline;the OM and TN contents of four production areas were all low,and their contents in southern,eastern and southwestern production areas of Henan were higher than that of northern production area.The soil aP and aFe contents of each production area were mainly at the upper-middle level,which were higher in the southern and southwest production areas of Henan than in eastern and northern production areas.The soil aK content of each production area was mainly at the lower-middle level,which was the highest in the eastern production area of Henan and the lowest in the northern production area of Henan;the soil aS content was the highest in southern production area of Henan,but was deficient in other three production areas.The order of soil aZn contents of four production areas was eastern production area>southwestern production area>northern production area>southern production area.Therefore,in the peanut production area of Henan Province,people should increase the application of organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer,strictly control the application rate of phosphate fertilizer,and carry out targeted fertilization according to different regions,add the application rate of Zn fertilizer in the southern production area of Henan,and increase the application rate of S fertilizer in the eastern,northern and southwest production areas of Henan.