核反应堆设置安全壳过滤排放系统的必要性分析

Necessity analysis of filtered containment venting system of nuclear reactor

在严重事故后如果发生核反应堆安全壳内超压工况,设置安全壳过滤排放系统(FCVS)可通过主动卸压的方式降低安全壳内压力,保证安全壳的完整性。但开启FCVS也会导致放射性物质的排放,且该系统本身也存在一些安全风险,因此设置FCVS的必要性是值得思考的问题。对国内、国际的法规、标准以及各国核电厂设置FCVS的现状进行调研,对设置FCVS的利弊进行说明,对取消FCVS的可行性进行分析,给出取消FCVS的结论和适用条件,并提出可能的无须排放的替代方案建议。

If there is over pressure in containment of nuclear reactor after severe accident,filtered containment venting system(FCVS)can ensure the integrity of the containment by relief the pressure actively.Nevertheless,activating FCVS may result in radioactive substances releasing into the environment,and there are some safety risks in the system itself.Therefore,it is questionable whether the FCVS should be adopted.After investigating national and international regulations,standards,and applications of FCVS in different countries,the benefits and disadvantages of FCVS are studied.The feasibility of eliminating the FCVS is analyzed,and the conclusion and applicable conditions of eliminating are given.An alternative solution without venting is proposed.