深圳福田红树林弧边招潮蟹的行为习性观察研究

The observation study of behavior of Uca arcuata in Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve in Shenzhen

弧边招潮蟹(Uca arcuata)是红树林的生态系统工程师,然而我国对弧边招潮蟹的研究相对薄弱。为了研究弧边招潮蟹的行为习性,作者于2013年7—9月在深圳福田红树林自然保护区,借助望远镜观察了弧边招潮蟹的11种行为。结果表明:弧边招潮蟹主要栖息于潮沟两侧的林缘生境,和大多数招潮蟹一样,弧边招潮蟹的大部分时间(69%)用于觅食(进食+边走边食),其次是站立(11%),用于求偶的时间最少(0.23%)。弧边招潮蟹的繁殖期有延长的现象,观察到的交配时间比以往的研究要短。除记录的11种行为之外,还观察到弧边招潮蟹的探洞、边走边食边挥舞大螯、“投降”等行为,表明弧边招潮蟹的行为较复杂。弧边招潮蟹的短距离迁移能力较强,单次迁移距离可达30 m以上。生境、性别、时间等因素对弧边招潮蟹的行为影响较大,手性和潮汐的影响较小。污染较严重的生境中弧边招潮蟹用于觅食和洞穴行为的时间均显著减少,导致其生物扰动作用减弱,从而不利于红树林生态系统的健康。本文丰富了弧边招潮蟹的研究,对全面、深入了解红树林生态系统,及红树林的管理和保护有重要的参考价值。

The fiddler crab,Uca arcuata(de Haan 1833),is known as the ecosystem engineer in mangrove ecosystems.In order to study the behavior of U.arcuata,we investigated 11 behaviors of Uca arcuata using binoculars in Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve,Shenzhen from July to September in 2013.Our results indicated that:U.arcuata mainly inhabited at the edge of mangroves near the tidal creek.Similar to other fiddler crabs,U.arcuata spent most of their time on foraging(69%),followed by standing(11%),and spent the least time on sexual interaction(0.23%).There seemed to be an extended breeding season of U.arcuata.The observed mating time was shorter than previous studies.Apart from the 11 behaviors,we observed the burrow exploring behavior,feeding while walking and waving,surrendering behavior,indicating the behavior complexity of U.arcuata.The short distance migration ability of Uca arcuata was strong,and a single migration distance could reach as far as 30 m.The habitat type,sexual,and month had strong effects on the behavior of U.arcuata,while the handedness and tidal had little effect.Fiddler crabs from heavy pollution habitats spent remarkable less time on foraging and burrowing behavior,leading to a weaken bioturbation effects,thus to the disadvantage of the health of mangrove ecosystem.This research helps us have a further and overall understanding of the mangrove ecosystem,and it is helpful in the management and restoration of mangroves.