生态系统服务评估方法研究进展

A review on the methods of ecosystem service assessment

自然生态系统是人类生存不可或缺的支持系统,为人类提供了供给服务、调节服务、文化服务及支持服务,高质量的生态系统服务能促进人类社会的平稳、可持续发展,因此准确评估生态系统服务对生态系统多样性保护、区域规划以及管理整治有重要意义。文章在介绍生态系统服务概念及生态系统服务目前主要研究内容的基础上,重点总结回顾了国内外生态系统服务价值量和物质量评估方法,分别分析了当量因子法、功能价值法、能值法及模型法的利弊及适用范围,并对目前价值量评估忽视生态学机理、物质量方法模型构建不完善等问题进行了探讨,展望了建立信息共享平台以及充分利用数据处理技术,完善、综合利用价值量和物质量评估方法等未来拓展方向。

Natural ecosystem,an indispensable support system for human survival,provides supply services,regulation services,cultural services and supporting services for people.High-quality ecosystem services can promote the stable and sustainable development of human society.Therefore,assessing ecosystem services accurately is important for ecosystem diversity conservation,regional planning,and management remediation.Based on the introduction of ecosystem services’concept and the main research contents of ecosystem services,this paper reviews the domestic and international ecosystem service value and physical assessment methods,and separately summarizes the pros and cons and application scope of equivalent factor method,functional value method,energetic valuation method and ecological models.We illustrate some problems that value assessment methods ignore ecological mechanism and lots of defective physical models and so on.Finally,we explore three major future directions for research:(1)strengthening mechanism research,(2)establishing an information sharing platform,(3)making full use of data processing technology,improving and comprehensively utilizing value and material quality assessment methods.