茶树连作障碍形成机制及调控措施研究进展

Research advances in mechanisms and preventions of continuous cropping obstacles of tea plants

茶树多年宿根连作后茶园土壤退化严重,茶叶产量和品质大幅下降,严重制约了我国茶叶的可持续生产。面对如何维持茶树高产高质这一科学难题,连作障碍机制及其调控措施成为当前茶树栽培中急待解决的科学问题。据此文章从土壤养分失衡、土壤酸化、自毒作用、土壤微生物群落结构失衡、根际微生态等方面概述了茶树连作障碍形成机制的研究进展,同时从化学改良、增施有机肥、生物质材料、生物菌肥、茶园多样性栽培等方面介绍缓解茶树连作障碍的主要措施,并对今后茶树连作障碍形成机制的进一步研究及防控技术的发展方向提出展望,以期为解决茶树连作障碍问题提供一些科学依据。

Long-term continuous ratooning of tea plants can lead to substantial yield and quality declines and soil degradation,which has become a major problem in the sustainable production of tea orchards.To maintain the high yield and quality of tea plants,the illumination on the formation mechanism of continuous cropping obstacles and its prevention measures become an urgent scientific problem.This paper summarizes the possible mechanism that causes the continuous cropping obstacle of tea plants,including soil nutrient imbalance,soil acidity,autotoxicity effects,microbial deterioration and rhizospheric microecology.In addition,this review summarizes the current prevention measures,such as chemical remediation,the application of organic fertilizers,biomass materials,and biological bacterial fertilizers,and diversification cultivation.Moreover,future prospects on the mechanism study and further prevention technology of continuous cropping obstacles of tea plants are put forward.This paper probably provides a scientific basis for solving the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of tea plants.