全面二孩视域下国家分担未成年子女养育成本制度建构

Construction of the System of Sharing the Cost of Raising Children in View of a Comprehensive Two-Child Policy

随着我国经济的飞速发展与社会转型,未成年人养育成本日渐攀升,尤以城市最为明显。因传统观念与国家的立法政策均将未成年人养育的负担交给家庭内部,导致家庭对昂贵的养育成本不堪重负。虽然全面二孩立法推行已逾3年,但是人口的出生率并未达到我国人口规划的目标,其根本原因是国家对养育分担制度的设计缺位,养育成本的不断上扬成为育龄群体生育意愿的严重桎梏,而表象之后则是家庭内部养育重担沿袭传统的女性为主方式,职业女性陷于养育重任与职业发展平衡的困境。反观域外国家,早在20世纪70年代就开始颁行激励人口增长的未成年人养育成本分担制度。基于未成年人是国家未来重要的劳动力与纳税人之故,加之国际公约也有国家负担未成年人养育责任之立法,正视当前我国人口结构老龄化严重的事实,立法构建国家分担未成年人养育成本的制度则属当下亟需之策。

With the rapid development of China's economy and social transformation,the cost of raising a child is increasing,especially in city.The traditional perception and the state rules all attribute the cost of raising a child to the family,making the family be overwhelmed by the raising cost.Although two-child law has taken effect for more than three years,population birth rate has not reached the target of China's population planning.The primary reason is the lack of design of a state cost-sharing system for child-raising.The rising cost of parenting has severely held back fertility intentions of childbearing age group.Along with female-based parenting tradition,the working women are often trapped in a dilemma of balancing between the parentingjoband career developments.However,in other countries,as early as in the 1970s,the cost sharing system of raising children was introduced to encourage population growth.Considering the minors would be the important labor force and taxpayers in the future,coupled with the aging of population in China and the international conventions about the state responsibility for the upbringing of minors,a state cost-sharing system of child-raising is an imperative policy to adopt.