明代乡试副榜及其成效研究

A Study on the Vice-List of Rural Examination in the Ming Dynasty and Its Effect

明代处于科举制发展的鼎盛时期,乡试副榜自嘉靖时期出现,经万历、天启年间变动,至崇祯年间得以完善。明代乡试副榜自出现并确立副榜准贡资格后,不仅满足了乡试入试者的上进需求,而且为政府培养了大批优秀人才,成为明后期政府选拔官吏、稳固政治统治的有力工具,更是为清代乡试副贡的完善与实施奠定了坚实基础。

The Ming Dynasty was in the heyday of imperial examination system development.The vice-list of rural examination appeared in Jiajing period,and was perfected in Chongzhen period after the changes of Wanli and Tianqi.Since the emergence and establishment of the vice-list qualifications,the vice-list of the Ming Dynasty’s rural test not only met the needs of the entrants,but also trained a large number of outstanding talents for the government.It became a useful tool for the government to select officials and to stabilize political rule in the late Ming Dynasty.It also laid a solid foundation for the improvement and implementation of the Qing Dynasty’s vice-list of rural examination.