氮肥基追比对冀南麦区冬小麦产量及主要农艺性状的影响

Effects of Base-topdressing Ratio of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Main Agronomic Characters of Winter Wheat in Southern Hebei Province

为明确冀南麦区冬小麦高产创建适宜的氮肥基追比例,在总施氮(N)量270 kg/hm2条件下,采用裂区试验设计,以氮肥基追比3∶7、5∶5和7∶3为主处理,以当地主推的3个冬小麦品种邯6172、河农6049和衡4399为副处理,探究了不同氮肥基追比对小麦产量及其构成因素、干物重和主要农艺性状的影响。结果表明:氮肥基追比对小麦产量影响显著,其中,氮肥基追比为5∶5时,小麦千粒重和拔节期干物重均最大,无效小穗数最少,产量最高,为本试验条件下最佳的氮肥运筹模式。不同品种小麦适宜的氮肥基追比有所不同,邯6172和河农6049适宜的氮肥基追比均为5∶5,衡4399适宜的氮肥基追比为3∶7。因此,在冀南麦区进行高产创建时,还应结合品种特性适当调整氮肥基追比例。

In order to make clear the suitable base-topdressing ratio of N fertilizer for high yield of wheat in Southern Hebei Province,under the condition of 270 kg/hm2 of total N application,the split plot experiment design was adopted.The nitrogen base-topdressing ratio of 3∶7,5:5 and 7∶3 were used as the main treatment,and the three local wheat varieties Han 6172,Henong 6049 and Heng 4399 were used as the subsidiary treatment.The effects of base-topdressing ratio on the yield and its components,dry matter weight and main agronomic traits of wheat were studied.The results showed that the base-topdressing ratio of N fertilizer had significant effect on wheat yield.When the base-topdressing ratio of N fertilizer was 5:5,the 1 000-grain weight and dry matter weight at jointing stage of wheat were the largest,the number of ineffective spikelets was the least,and the yield was the highest,which was the best N fertilizer management mode under this experiment condition.The suitable base-topdressing ratio of N fertilizer for different varieties was different.The suitable base-topdressing ratio of N fertilizer for Han 6172 and Henong 6049 were 5:5,and that for Heng 4399 was 3:7.Therefore,the proportion of N fertilizer should be adjusted according to the characteristics of varieties when creating high-yield wheat in Southern Hebei.