乡村振兴战略背景下宅基地“三权分置”实现路径研究

Research on Ways to Realize the Separation of Three Rights in Homestead Under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy

宅基地“三权分置”是撬动乡村要素资源、推进乡村振兴战略实施的重要途径和有力抓手。现行的宅基地制度影响了城镇化进程,也在一定程度上限制了乡村发展。乡村振兴红利不够、动力不足等问题表明宅基地“三权分置”改革已迫在眉睫。本文以国内宅基地“三权分置”试点区探索实际为基础,总结了宅基地“三权分置”改革中可参考的实践经验,并指出当务之急需破解相关配套制度不完善、“一地三权”未明确界定、“三权分置”缺少顶层设计等问题,提出了多路径落实宅基地所有权、切实保障宅基地农户资格权、建立农宅市场交易体系,适度放活宅基地使用权、建立农村宅基地风险防范机制的宅基地“三权分置”实现路径。

The Setting up Separately of three rights of homestead is an important way to leverage rural factor resources and promote the implementation of rural revitalization strategy.The current homestead system affects the urbanization process and restricts the rural development to some extent.Problems such as the insufficient motivation of rural revitalization dividend indicate that the reform of the separation of the three rights of homestead is imminent.This paper is based on the exploration of the three rights distribution pilot areas of homestead in China,summarized the practical experience that can be referred to in the reform of the Setting up Separately of three rights in homestead,and also pointed out that the urgent need to solve the related supporting system is not perfect,the three rights have not been clearly defined,the three rights divided lack of top-level design and other problems,puts forward the realization path of the Setting up Separately of three rights in homestead,such as multipath to implement homestead ownership,effectively ensures the right to qualify homestead farmers,establishes a market exchange system for rural housing,appropriately exercise the right to use housing sites,establishes a risk prevention mechanism for rural homestead an so on.