阐发与超越:越儒范阮攸《论语愚按》的“天命”观

Elucidation and Transcendence: Vietnamese Confucianism Fan Ruanyou’s View of Destiny

自然科学不甚发达的古代中国,"天命"信仰占据人心里重要地位。《论语》中多次强调天命,其天命观除表现出神秘色彩外,还强调人的主观意识。越儒范阮攸读《论语》有感,著成《论语愚按》,继承《论语》天命观,继承传统天命观的神学信仰及其所由敬畏之心,强调"知天命"的重要性。不过,范氏认为更重要的是成"为己之学",侧重"用天命"。将人性和天命联系在一起更加理性,意为将最高的道德标准融入人性,以成就自我,"知天命"也就是成就自我的过程。

In ancient China,where the natural sciences were not well developed,the"Destiny"belief occupied an important position in the human heart.The Analects emphasizes the fate of life many times,and its concept of destiny shows a mysterious color,but also emphasizes the subjective consciousness of human beings. Fan Ruanyou read the Analects,and write the"I read The Analects",inherited the concept of the destiny,the theological beliefs of the traditional destiny and the awe of the awe,emphasizing the importance of"knowing the destiny".However,Fan believes that it is more important to become a"self-learning"and focus on"using the fate of life. "It is more rational to link humanity and destiny,meaning to integrate the highest moral standards into human nature,to achieve self,and"knowing the destiny"is the process of self-fulfillment.