王阳明儿童教育思想管窥——以《训蒙大意》《教约》为中心

Wang Yangming’s Educational Thought for Children:Centering on the Essentials of Educational Thoughts for Disciples and Education Provisions’

王阳明所撰《训蒙大意示教读刘伯颂等》及《教约》,集中体现了他的儿童教育思想。他针对当世儿童教育之弊病,着眼于童蒙教育的特点、儿童的性情特征及其身心发展的实际,重申了儒家传统的"明伦成德"的教育宗旨,提出顺情导性、循序渐进、因材施教的教育原则,并以"歌诗""习礼""读书"为具体的教育内容,凸显了一代大儒强烈的社会责任感与人文关怀。研究王阳明的儿童教育思想,有助于我们体悟阳明心学的精神,认领儒家人文教育的价值,并进一步对我们继承儒家传统文化,发展现代儿童教育起到积极的推动作用。

Wang Yangming’s Essentials of Educational Thoughts for Disciples and Education Provisions embody his children’s education thought. He aimed at the drawbacks of children’s education in the present age,focusing on the characteristics of children’s education,children’s temperament and the reality of their physical and mental development,reiterated the educational purpose of Confucian traditional"ethical education",and put forward the educational principles of guiding children according to their aptitude,step by step. With the specific educational methods and contents,the great sense of social responsibility and humanistic concern of the great generation of Confucianism are highlighted. Studying Wang Yangming’s thought of children’s education will help us understand the spirit of his theory of mind,recognize the value of Confucian humanistic education,and further play a positive role in inheriting Confucian traditional culture and developing modern children’s education.