论先秦儒家情理关系的特征

On the Characteristics of the Relationship between Emotion and Reason in Pre-Qin Confucianism

早期儒家十分重视情感,但此情感不是单纯的情感,其中包含着理性精神。首先,先秦儒家情理关系体现了“仁体礼用”的特征。在孔子看来,“仁”的本质是爱,是一种普遍的道德情感,而“礼”的本质是建立在情感基础上的一种规范,仁与礼互为表里、缺一不可。其次,在情感与理性的交锋之中,先秦儒家主张“寓理于情”,“父子相隐”“窃负而逃”两则公案正是如此。最后,荀子将“情”界定为“情欲”,“情”因此具有了“恶”的可能性,为了限制这种恶,荀子主张“以礼制情”。

Early Confucianism paid great attention to emotions,but the emotion is not just a simple emotion,but also contains the rational spirit.The relationship between emotion and reason about Pre-Qin Confucian is the first to embody the characteristics of“take benevolence as the substance and rite as the function”.In Confucius,the essence of“benevolence”is love,which is a universal moral emotion,and the essence of“rite”is a norm based on emotions.The benevolence and rite is such a unity that they can t be isolated.Secondly,in the confrontation between emotion and reason,the Pre-Qin Confucian advocates“reasonable in love”,“father and son conceal misconduct mutually”and“help his father by fleeing”are two such cases.In the end,Xunzi defines“emotion”as“desire”,“emotion”therefore has the possibility of“evil”,in order to limit this“evil”,Xunzi advocates“constraining emotions with rite”.