基于学生需要的学校课程建设的困境与思考

Difficulties of and Reflections on School Curriculum Construction Based on Students’ Needs

学生需要是学校课程建设的重要依据,但一些学校在学生需要的认识和评估方面并不尽如人意。一是存在对“学生需要”的认识盲区,表现为:对“需要”的内涵认识不清,将学生的发展“需要”与学生的“想要”混为一谈;对“需要”的主体归属定位不明,用成人眼中的“需要”取代学生的“需要”;对“学生需要”的价值排序错乱,没有处理好不同需要之间的关系。二是存在对学生需要的评估困境,表现为评估缺失、评估内容和方法单一、评估结果未能进行有效的课程转化。鉴于此,精准识别和定位学生需要以及科学转化学生需要,是破解上述困境的着眼点。

Students’needs are the important basis of school curriculum construction,but some schools are far from satisfactory when it comes to understanding and evaluating students’needs,which can be attributed to two reasons.First,there are blind areas of understanding“students’needs”,which can be reflected from the following aspects:the unclear understanding of the connotation of“needs”,confusing the“needs”of students’development with the“wants”of students;the unclear orientation of the ownership of“needs”,replacing students“needs”with“needs”in the eyes of adults;and the wrong ranking of the values of“students’needs”,unable to deal with the relationship between different needs.Secondly,there are difficulties in assessing students’needs,such as lack of assessment,single content and method of assessment and failure to carry out effective curriculum transformation.In view of this,accurate identification and positioning of students’needs and scientific transformation of students’needs are the focus of solving the above dilemma.