猪细菌性传染病病原检测新方法研究进展

Research Pregress on New Detection Methods for the Pathogens of Swine Bacterial Infectious Diseases

细菌性传染病是生猪养殖业的严重威胁之一,近年来其发病情况呈现出新变化,对动物产品质量和公共卫生安全造成严重危害。对病原进行快速、准确的检测,是预防和控制猪病的有效手段,对养猪业发展和人畜健康具有重要意义。伴随生命科学技术的发展和学科间的交叉融合,传统的病原菌分离培养、普通PCR方法和早期免疫学等检测技术均朝着精确高效的方向不断发展革新,并以传统方法为基础建立了多种新型检测技术。文章重点介绍了猪细菌性传染病病原检测的几种新技术:以核酸分子生物学为基础的实时荧光定量PCR法(qPCR)、环介导等温扩增法(LAMP)、夹心DNA杂交(DNAH)等;以免疫学为基础的免疫胶体金标记技术、时间分辨荧光免疫分析法(TRFIA)、免疫磁珠分离法(IMS)等;以蛋白质分子生物学为基础的细菌质谱鉴定技术;以及适用于现场快速诊断的即时检测(POCT)技术,并分析了这几种新技术的优缺点,为不同条件的检测机构和研究部门在开展猪细菌性传染病检测和研究时选择相应的方法提供一定的参考,以期在猪病预防控制中发挥更加积极的作用。

The swine bacterial infectious diseases in China whose outbreak situation has change gradually in recent years is a serious threat to pig-breeding industry and public health security.The rapid and accurate detection of pathogens is a key point to prevent and control swine diseases.Traditional techniques,such as isolation and cultivation of pathogens,conventional PCR and early immunological assays has been constantly changed and evolved to be more accurate and efficient with the development of biotechnology and the intersections of different disciplines.This article highlighted several new detection technologies:Real-time quantitiative PCR,loop-mediated isothermal amplification,sandwich DNA hybridization assay which based on nucleic acid molecular biology;Immune colloidal gold technique,time resolved fluorescence immunoassay,immunomagnetic bead separation which base on immunology;Mass spectrograph detection of bacteria which base on protein molecular biology and The POCT technology appropriated to on-site detection.The advantages and disadvantages of these new technologies wre analyzed,which would be helpful to popularize this detection in different institutions and research departments to select in order to make them play a more important role in the detection and surveillance of swine bacterial infectious diseases.