快速城镇化背景下环渤海地区生态系统服务价值变化

Changes of ecosystem services values under the rapid urbanization in the Bohai coastal region

在快速城镇化背景下,研究土地利用变化对区域生态系统服务价值(ESV)的影响具有重要意义。以环渤海地区为研究对象,对该地区1980、2000、2005、2013年的土地利用变化、ESV变化和流向损益进行了分析测算。结果表明:(1)1980-2013年,城镇化进程促使环渤海地区的土地利用结构发生明显变化,农田、森林、草地、湿地、荒漠的面积持续减少,建设用地一直增加,水域面积先增后降。(2)土地利用变化使环渤海地区ESV先略微增长后下降,2013年ESV为6 005亿元,相比1980年水平(6 504亿元)降低7.7%,其中建设用地转入造成ESV损失最大,1980-2013年建设用地转入造成损失585亿元,占ESV损失总量的45.9%;(3)调节服务是环渤海区域生态系统的主导性生态系统服务功能,其对ESV的贡献从1980年起一直超过65%。(4)环渤海地区ESV排名前3位的城市为丹东、天津和大连,除营口、东营、日照和潍坊外,其余城市的ESV一直处于下降趋势。(5)未来应通过避免“摊大饼式”发展和建立城镇化建设中生态补偿机制等方式推动环渤海地区城镇化建设和生态保护协调发展。

It is of great significance to estimate the changes of ecosystem service values(ESV)with land use changes under rapid urbanization process.This paper calculated and analyze the land use change,ESV change and ESV flowing matrix of Bohai coastal region in 1980,2000,2005 and 2013.Here were the main results:(1)from 1980 to 2013,the rapid process of urbanization lead to land uses structure in Bohai coastal region changed dynamically,mainly reflecting in the continuous decrease of farmland,woodland,grassland,wetland,unused land and the substantial increase of construction land,while the area of water body increased first,then went down.(2)The change of land use structure led the total ESV in Bohai coastal region to increase slightly before 2005 and then went down,and the total ESV in 2013 was 600.5 billion Yuan,decreased by 7.7%compared to that in 1980 level(650.4 billion Yuan).Meanwhile,the transferring to construction land caused the biggest loss of ESV,reaching to 58.5 billion Yuan during 1980 to 2013,which accounted for 45.9%of the total ESV loss during 1980 to 2013.(3)The regulating service was the dominant ecosystem service function in Bohai coastal region ecosystem,contributing more than 65%of total ESV since 1980.(4)The top three cities that had biggest ESV were Dandong,Tianjin and Dalian.The ESV of all the cities was going down except Yingkou,Dongying,Rizhao and Weifang.(5)It should promote the coordinated development of urbanization process and ecological protection in Bohai coastal region by avoiding“unorderly spreading out”development and establishing ecological compensation mechanism during urbanization construction.