葡萄砧木新品种‘郑寒1号’的选育

Breeding of a new grape rootstock cultivar ’Zhenghan No. 1’

‘郑寒1号’是以‘河岸580’为母本、山葡萄为父本杂交选育出的葡萄抗寒砧木新品种,耐盐碱,适应性广、产条量多,与生产上常用品种嫁接亲和性良好。与生产上常用抗寒砧木‘贝达’相比,对‘夏黑’‘户太8号’‘阳光玫瑰’等接穗品种的主要果实经济性状无明显影响。不同的低温冷冻后,通过对枝条的相对电导率及恢复生长法测定,‘郑寒1号’半致死温度为-30.78℃,‘贝达’为-28.88℃,‘郑寒1号’抗寒性强于‘贝达’;且低温处理后‘郑寒1号’枝条萌芽率也高于‘贝达’。经测定,水培条件下,‘郑寒1号’能忍耐0.3%NaCl+18%的饱和石灰水,而‘贝达’只能忍耐0.2%NaCl+15%的饱和石灰水。在郑州地区,4月上旬开始萌芽,5月上旬开花,7月上旬枝条开始老化,11上旬开始落叶,全年生育期约216 d。

‘Zhenghan No.1’was newly selected from hybrids of the cross between‘Hean 580’(female parent)and Shan putao(male parent)in 2008,432 hybrid seeds were harvested in autumn.In March 2009,156 hybrid seedlings were obtained by sowing hybrid seeds through sand accumulation treatment.Through selection and elimination,120 hybrid seedlings were preserved until 2011.In 2012,46-8-4 showed the characteristics of high cold resistance and salt-alkali resistance,and was designated as a superior cold-resistant rootstock line.In 2013,regional test sites were established in Weishi county in Kaifeng,Changyuan county in Xinxiang,Mengzhou county in Jiaozuo and Yanqing county in Beijing,and main varieties such as Sunshine Rose,Xiahei Seedless and Hutai No.8 were grafted.Regional test showed good grafting compatibility.The cultivar is high resistant to salinity tolerance,wide adaptability and high yield.It has good grafting affinity with common varieties in production.‘Zhenghan No.1’has strong growth potential,strong branch growth,few bad branches,good maturity of branches,and can yield 10 250 meters per mu.The relative conductivity and recovery growth of branches were measured after freezing at different temperatures.The semi-lethal temperature of‘Zhenghan No.1’was-30.78℃,‘Beida’was-28.88℃,‘Zhenghan No.1’had higher cold resistance than‘Beida’,and the germination rate of‘Zhenghan 1’was also higher than‘Beida’.In spring,18 rootstocks of oneyear-old‘Kangzhen No.3’‘Kangzhen No.1’‘HuajiaNo.8’‘DogRidge’‘Saltreek’‘Cloire’‘Beida’‘SO4’‘3309C’‘1103’‘5BB’‘SandyGrape’‘5C’‘775P’‘110R’‘420A’‘Zhenghan No.2’‘Zhenghan No.1’were cut into branches.Cuttings with 3-5 buds were cultured in laboratory.After the cuttings had grown a small number of roots,they were cultured with 1/10 Hoagland nutrient solution until the branches had grown a large number of roots.Treated with different concentrations of Nacl and saturated lime water.The results showed that‘Zhenghan No.1’could tolerate 0.3%NaCl+18%saturated lime water under hydroponic conditions,while Beida could only tolerate 0.2%NaCl+15%saturated lime water.Compared with the commonly used cold-resistant rootstock‘Beida’,there was no obvious effect on the economic characters of the scion varieties such as‘Summer Black seedless’‘Hutai No.8’and‘Sunshine rose’.The survival rate of‘Zhenghan No.1’grafted with‘Summer Black Seedless’and‘Hutai No.8’was 90.0%and 86.6%,respectively;the yield of‘Sunshine Rose’grafted with‘Zhenghan No.1’could reach 646 kg in the second year and 2 132 kg in the third year.It can be seen that‘Zhenghan No.1’had good affinity with the main varieties‘Summer Black seedless’‘Hutai No.8’and‘Sunshine Rose’.It began to germinate in early April,blossom in early May,branch began to aging in early July,leaves began to fall in early November,and the whole year’s growth period was about 216 days in Zhengzhou.‘Zhenghan No.1’had no leaf and branch diseases throughout the year,and no chemical control was needed‘.Zhenghan No.1’showed good plantability in different producing areas.It could grow normally in the areas such as Changyuan with low temperature in winter and Boai with cloyed ground.