辽东楤木活性成分与生态因子的相关性研究

Correlation Analysis between the Bioactive Components and Ecological Factors in Aralia lata(Miq.) Seem

辽东楤木(Aralia lata(Miq.)Seem)是一种药食两用植物,其嫩芽是一种可食用的山野菜,其根皮、茎皮是一种中药材,中药名“刺龙芽”,主要活性成分为三萜皂苷、黄酮和多糖。研究辽东楤木活性成分与生态因子的相关性可以为辽东楤木人工栽培和药材产区的选择提供参考依据。该研究以黑龙江省8个不同产区的辽东楤木为试材,分析了辽东楤木总皂苷、黄酮和多糖含量与19个气候因子和10个土壤因子的相关性,并建立了逐步多元回归模型。结果表明:阿城和佳木斯的楤木皂苷含量最高;东宁地区辽东楤木黄酮含量最高,伊春产地的辽东楤木多糖含量显著高于其他产地。相关性分析结果表明,7月最高气温和土壤全氮是影响辽东楤木总皂苷含量的主导生态因子,分别与楤木皂苷含量呈显著正相关和显著负相关;7月最高气温、土壤碱解氮和土壤速效P是影响辽东楤木黄酮含量的主导生态因子,黄酮含量与7月最高气温和土壤碱解氮呈显著负相关,与速效P呈正相关关系;多糖含量与年平均气温和土壤有机质含量呈负相关,与年降水量呈显著正相关关系,年平均气温、年降水量和有机质含量是影响辽东楤木多糖含量的主导生态因子。

Aralia lata(Miq.)Seem is a medicinal and edible plant,it’s young shoots is a well-known edible vegetable,the bark and root cortexes of this species are widely used as a traditional Chinese woody medicine named“cilaoya”,which main bioactive components are triterpenoid saponins,flavonoid and polysaccharide.Study on the correlation between bioactive components and ecological factors could make a reference for cultivation and medicine origins of A.elata.In the research,8 samples of A.elata from different origins were used for correlation analysis between 3 bioactive components and 29 ecological factors,including 19 climate factors and 10 soil factors,moreover,the multiple step-wised regression model were also established.The results showed that total saponins of A.elata origin from Acheng and Jiamusi higher than other origins,A.elata origin from Doning and Yinchun showed a higher flavonoid content and polysaccharide respectively.Correlation analysis showed that July maximum temperature and soil total nitrogen content was the main ecological factors influence the content of total saponins in A.elata.The content of total saponins positively correlated with July maximum temperature and negatively correlated with soil total nitrogen content.The main ecological factors affecting total flavonoid content were July maximum temperature,alkalytic nitrogen and available phosphorus.July maximum temperature and alkalytic nitrogen negatively correlated with total flavonoid content,while available phosphorus positively correlated with total flavonoid content.Annual average temperature,annual precipitations and soil organic matter were main ecological factors to determine polysaccharide content of A.elata,and a negative correlation between polysaccharide content and annual average temperature and soil organic matter were observed,while a positive correlation between polysaccharide content and annual precipitations were also estimated.