微观尺度城市热环境影响因素分析研究——以深圳市罗湖区为例

Micro-scale Research of the Impact Factors on Urban Thermal Environment: A Case Study of Luohu District, Shenzhen

城市热环境状况是衡量城市生态环境状况的重要指标之一,直接关系到城市人居环境质量、居民健康状况,以及城市的可持续发展。以人口、经济、产业、建筑等为代表的的社会因素是影响城市热环境的主要驱动力因素之一,然而目前相关研究仍主要集中在宏观尺度。以Landsat-8 TIRS为数据源,以深圳市罗湖区为研究区,研究微观尺度多种社会因素对城市热环境的影响机制,揭示城市内部空间热环境的成因。首先,通过计算热岛强度与热岛比例指数分析罗湖区热环境空间分布;然后,应用Pearson相关系数分析微观街区尺度建设用地比率、绿地比率、毛容积率、人口密度等自然、社会因素与城市热环境的相关性;最后,基于统计直方图分析具有不同人文功能属性建设用地对城市地表热环境的影响机制。研究结果表明:由于罗湖全区的生态用地比例较高,热环境状况总体较好,然而由于生态用地分布极不均匀,建成区内的部分区域热岛比例指数较高,城市热岛效应较严重;在微观街区尺度,4种指标与热岛比例指数的相关性由大到小依次为:绿地覆盖率(?0.91)、毛容积率(0.76)、人口密度(0.67)、建设用地比率(0.64);对7种具有人文功能属性的土地利用类型,其对地表热环境的影响由大到小依次为:物流仓储用地、交通设施、工业用地、商业服务业用地、公共管理与服务、居住用地、市政公用设施。研究成果不仅能为快速发展城市土地利用规划提供参考,也对城市热环境管理和城市热岛效应减缓措施的提出与施行具有实践意义。

The urban thermal environment is one of the important indicators to measure the urban ecological environment,which is directly related to the quality of human settlements,the health status of residents,and the city sustainable development.The social factors,represented by population,economy,industry,construction,etc.,are one of the main driving factors affecting the urban thermal environment.However,relevant research is still mainly concentrated on the macro scale.In this paper,we study the influence mechanism of various social factors on urban thermal environment on the micro scale based on the Landsat-8 TIRS data in Luohu District of Shenzhen City,and reveal the causes of urban thermal environment within the city.Firstly,based on the heat island intensity and heat island ratio index,the thermal environment spatial distribution in Luohu District is analyzed.Then,based on Pearson correlation coefficient,the correlations between the urban thermal environment and several natural and social factors on micro scale are analyzed,such as construction land ratio,green space ratio,gross volume ratio and population density.Finally,based on statistical histograms,the impact mechanism of construction sites with different human functional attributes on urban surface thermal environment is analyzed.The results show that:due to the high proportion of ecological land in Luohu District,the thermal environment is generally good.However,as the ecological land is distributed unevenly,for some built-up areas,the heat island ratio indies are very high,and their urban heat island effects are very serious.On the micro block scale,the correlations between the four indicators and the heat island ratio index are:green coverage(?0.91),gross volume ratio(0.76),population density(0.67),and construction land ratio(0.64).For the seven types of land use with humanistic functional attributes,the impacts on the surface thermal environment are sorted in descending order:logistics storage land,transportation facilities,industrial land,commercial service land,public management and services,residential land,municipal public facility.The research results can not only provide reference of land use planning for the rapidly developed urban,but also have practical significance for the proposal and implementation of urban thermal environment management and urban heat island mitigation.