劳动者举报行为和忠诚义务的冲突与协调——比较法的启示与中国法的完善

On Conflicts and Coordination between Laborers’ Reporting Acts and Loyalty Obligations——A Revelation of the Comparative Law and Improvement of the Chinese Law

劳动者通过举报用人单位的违法行为,可以减少监管成本,保护社会公共利益;然而,这种行为却违反其所应该负的忠诚义务。因此,只有明晰两者之间的边界,鼓励与规范劳动者举报行为,才可以既保护社会公共利益,又不至用人单位遭受经济损失。在比较发达国家对劳动者举报行为与忠诚义务相关规定的基础上,研究认为,应该通过规定劳动者举报行为的合法性要件,明确劳动者忠诚义务来化解其举报行为和忠诚义务的冲突。此外,应该通过改善对劳动者举报的奖励制度和制定举报救济措施来激励和保障其举报行为。

Laborers'acts of reporting illegal activities of employers reduce supervision costs and protect social public interests,but also violate their loyalty obligations to the employers.Therefore,only by clarifying the boundary of the above,and encouraging and standardizing laborers'reporting acts can we protect the public interests of society and avoid the economic losses of employers.This study,on the basis of comparing the relevant provisions of developed countries on laborers'reporting acts and loyalty obligations,holds that conflicts between the above should be resolved by stipulating the legal elements of laborers'reporting acts and defining their loyalty obligations.In addition,the incentive system and relief measures for laborers'reporting acts should be improved to encourage and protect their reporting acts.