基于县统筹财政分权视角下的地方义务教育公平研究——来自山东省的实例

Research on the Equity of Local Compulsory Education from the Perspective of County Overall Fiscal Decentralization——An example from Shandong province

由于基层政府长期存在财力事权上的不均衡,我国基层地区义务教育供给存在着差距。2001年的“以县为主”的县统筹财政制度开始实行,义务教育的负责主体变成了县级政府。借助2002年到2016年的山东省县级数据,运用泰尔指数作为分析工具,结合此期间山东省出台的教育改革措施,分析其对于缩小义务教育差异的影响。研究发现,政策制度仅仅改善了中等收入县级地区之间的差距,对于高收入和低收入地区并没有太好的效果,就目标而言,由于县级各地区上经济实力和义务教育规模的固有差距,导致无法取得理想中的效果。

Due to the long-term imbalance of financial power in the grassroots government,there is a gap in the supply of compulsory education in grassroots areas in China.In 2001,the“county-based”county unified financial system was implemented,and the responsible body of compulsory education became a county-level government.Based on the county-level data of Shandong Province from 2002 to 2016,this paper uses the Thail index as an analytical tool,and combines the educational reform measures introduced by Shandong Province during this period to analyze its impact on narrowing the difference in compulsory education.The study found that the policy system only improved the gap between middle-income and county-level regions,and did not have a good effect on high-income and low-income areas.As far as the target is concerned,due to the economic strength and compulsory education scale at the county level.The inherent gap leads to the inability to achieve the desired results.