语言接触中湘西苗语的合成词构词法研究

On the Word-formation of Compound Words of Xiangxi Miao Language in Language Contact

湘西苗语与汉语言长期接触,苗语的合成词除了固有词还产生了汉借合成词。固有合成词有复合式、附加式、重叠式三大构词类型。在复合式构词法中,偏正式能产性最强,述宾式的能产性次之,述补式、联合式能产性较弱,主谓式能产性最弱。附加式构词法能产性高,比较常见。重叠式构词法能产性低,构成的词很少。汉借合成词具有一些新的、带有相当特点的构词方式,包括苗汉混合词、仿汉重组式、同音借译式。汉借合成词丰富了苗语的构词方式,体现出汉语对苗语构词规则的影响。

Xiangxi Miao language has been influenced through contact with the Han language.Miao compound words produce Chinese borrowed compound words besides inherent words.The intrinsic compound words have three types of word formation:combined,additional,and duplication.In the combined word formation method,the modified compounds are the most prevalent,followed by predicates,and predicate complements.The joint production is less prevalent,and the subject predicate is the least prevalent.The Additional word formation is highly productive and relatively common.Duplication word formation has low productivity and few words.Borrowed compound words from Chinese have some new ways of word formation with considerable characteristics,including Miao-Han mixed words,imitation Chinese recombination,and phonetic translation.Borrowed Chinese words words enrich the way of word formation in the Miao language and it reflects the influence of Chinese on the rules of word formation in Miao language.