近十年来我国中小学生职业体验研究综述

A Review of Occupational Experience of Primary and Secondary School Students in China in the Past Decade

职业体验是将教育与生产劳动、社会实践相结合的内容与路径。通过系统梳理近十年来我国中小学生职业体验文献,发现已有研究主要围绕“是什么、为什么、怎么办”三个问题展开。研究认为,职业体验具有认识职业、认识自我的认识论意义,兼具职业性活动和过程的实践特质。职业性、体验性、教育性构成中小学生职业体验的主要特征,发挥着育人价值、学校价值和职业教育价值。从“人与自我、人与社会、人与职业”三对关系来看,中小学职业体验能促进人的自我认识、社会化和职业认知;有助于传播职业文化、促进职业学校发展和扩大影响;对职业教育起到提高吸引力的显性作用。据国家政策和国际经验,未来的中小学生职业体验研究将呈现出研究数量持续增加,实证研究不断加强,内容体系日趋健全的发展趋势。

Occupational experience is the content and path that combines education with productive labor and social practice.Through systematically combing the literature on the occupational experience of primary and secondary school students in China in the past decade,the existing research mainly revolves around three questions about"What""Why"and"How".Occupational experience has the epistemological significance of understanding occupation and self-awareness,and has the practical characteristics of both occupational activities and processes.Occupational,experiential and educational constitute the main characteristics of occupational experience in primary and secondary schools,giving full play to the value of education,school and vocational education.From the three pairs of relations between"people and self,people and society,people and occupations",Occupational experience of primary and secondary school students can promote self-cognition,socialization and professional cognition;can help spread occupational culture,promote the development of vocational schools and expand the influence of schools;and play a dominant role in improving the attractivess of vocational education.From the perspective of national policies and international experience,the future research on occupational experience of primary and secondary school students in China will show a trend of continuous increase in research volume,continuous strengthening of empirical research,and increasingly improved content system.