我国案例指导制度的检视与完善

Review and Improvement of the System of Guiding Cases in China

案例指导制度建立至今已有十多年。回顾指导性案例在审判实践中的参照情况,特别是与每年人民法院作出裁判的案件数量相比,最高人民法院发布的指导性案例数量偏少,法官在审理类似案件中的参照率偏低。案例指导制度本身在运行过程中,尤其是在当前司法改革背景下,出现一些必须直面且亟须解决的问题,如熟悉案例工作的人员流失、案例层报过程行政化色彩浓厚、案例法源性与拘束力受质疑、裁判要点提取不当、案例缺乏退出机制等,直接影响案例指导制度功能发挥。鉴于此,应当采取必要的改革措施,从指导性案例的生成与编排、法源性与拘束力、裁判要点提取与参照以及退出机制等方面予以完善。

It has been more than ten years since the establishment of guiding cases system.Reviewing the current referencing situation of guiding cases in the trial,especially comparing with the number of cases issued by the Supreme People's Court every year,the number of guiding cases issued by the Court is limited and the reference rate of guiding cases quoted by judges in similar cases is also in low degree.In the course of operation of the guiding cases system itself,especially in the context of judicial reform,there are some problems that must be faced and need to be solved urgently,such as the loss of personnel responsibility for the guiding case work,the administrative characteristics in the process of case selecting,the improper extraction of the abridgement of the case,the questioning of the legal source and binding force of the guiding cases,and the lack of exit mechanism of the guiding cases,which directly affect the function of the guiding cases system.In view of this,necessary measures should be taken to improve the above-mentioned problems.