我国灾害社会工作者能力建设:历史经验、核心指标与人才战略

Capacity Building of Disaster Social Workers in China:Historical Experience,Core Indicators and Talent Strategy

汶川地震发生十年来,灾害社会工作得到快速发展。近年来,灾害社会工作在国家减灾救灾体系中的地位逐步上升,灾害社会工作逐渐步入社会大众视野。灾害社会工作者人才队伍建设也逐渐提上日程,但其核心能力仍有待提升。因此,灾害社会工作者需要构建“价值—知识—技巧”三位一体的能力模型,具体包括社区为本的复原和能力建设、尊重地区差异性和多元文化、全人健康和结构分析、多学科融合的灾后救助、多元重建、地区文化重组、心理危机干预、赋权增能、生计扶持、社区营造等十个方面的核心能力指标体系。在此基础上,要持续壮大灾害社会工作专业人才队伍,积极构建灾害社会工作专业发展平台,不断夯实灾害社会工作专业服务成效,建立健全灾害社会工作服务政策体系,最终促进灾害社会工作者的专业核心能力和核心服务力。

In the past decade since the Wenchuan earthquake,disaster social work has developed rapidly.In recent years,the status of disaster social work in the national disaster reduction and relief system has gradually risen,and the disaster social work has gradually stepped into the public's view.The construction of disaster social workers has been put on the agenda,but their core competence still needs to be improved.Disasters,therefore,need to build social work value,knowledge and skill ability model of three aspects,including community based rehabilitation and capacity building,regional difference and respect for cultural diversity,holistic health and structure analysis,a multidisciplinary integration of multiple reconstruction aid after disasters,restructuring,regional culture,psychological crisis intervention,empowerment energized,livelihood support,community building ten aspects,such as index system of core competence.On this basis,we should continue to strengthen the contingent of professional personnel for disaster social work,actively build a platform for professional development of disaster social work,constantly consolidate the effectiveness of professional services for disaster social work,establish and improve the policy system for disaster social work service,and finally promote the improvement of professional core capabilities of disaster social workers.