合法性研究中的问题、方法及其在经验事实中的展开——以古代中国的君权合法性研究为例

Issues,Methods and Expansion in Empirical Facts in the Study of Legitimacy——A Case Study of the Legitimacy of Monarchical Power in Ancient China

合法性研究的核心可归结为:合法性如何从规范(信念)转化为事实的问题。中国古代君权合法性研究的基本问题,就是考察在有关君权合法性的信念基础上,如何构建君权合法性的事实。基于社会科学中的“理解”的方法和拟剧理论,发现古代中国君权合法性背后的信念基础,是一种圣王型合法性信念模式,是小农经济条件下人们对于理想统治者(好皇帝)的一种“集体想象”。君权合法性由观念变成现实,既是通过统治者的合法化行动直接实现的,也是统治者与被统治者之间在这种信念基础上互动的产物。

The core issue of the legitimacy research can be summed up as follows:How legitimacy transforms from Norms(Beliefs)to Facts;accordingly,the basic issue in the study of the legitimacy of monarchical power in ancient China is to examine how the beliefs in the legitimacy of monarchical power lead to the facts of the legitimacy of monarchical power.Based on the“Understanding”Method and Drama Theory in Social Sciences,we discover that the Beliefs foundation behind the legitimacy of monarchical power in ancient China is a Belief Model of Sage-King Legitimacy,which reflects itself as a collective imagination of the ideal ruler(Good Emperor)under the condition of small-scale peasant economy.The realization of the legitimacy of monarchical power from idea to reality is not only achieved directly through the legitimization of rulers,but also the product of interaction between the ruler and the ruled on the basis of the beliefs above.