小学生内隐与外显动作序列学习能力的发展性研究

Research on the development of implicit and explicit motion sequences learning abilities of elementary school students

以6~12岁小学生为被试对象,采用双因素实验设计,探讨年龄和基本运动能力不同的小学生动作序列学习能力发展规律。84名6~12岁小学生被随机分入外显学习组、内隐学习组,对各组在序列学习阶段和序列巩固阶段的反应时、序列还原和序列识别的正确率进行测试,结束后进行基本运动能力测试。结果表明:在学习阶段,内隐序列学习能力和外显序列学习能力均存在年龄差异;在巩固阶段,内隐序列学习能力无年龄差异,外显序列学习能力存在年龄差异。在学习阶段,外显学习组的绩效总体上较强;而在巩固阶段,不同学习方式组的学习绩效增长趋势相似。基本动作能力与内隐序列学习能力、外显序列学习能力之间均无相关性,说明小学生的动作序列学习能力受年龄影响,而不受基本动作运动能力的影响。

By basing the testees on elementary students aged 6-12,and by using two-factor experiment design,the authors probed into the laws of development of motion sequences learning abilities of elementary students whose ages and basic movement abilities were different.84 elementary students aged 6-12 were randomly divided into an explicit learning group and an implicit learning group.The authors tested the reaction times,sequence restoration and sequence identification correct rates of the groups at the sequence learning stage and the sequence consolidation stage,and then tested their basic movement abilities.The results indicated the followings:at the learning stage,both implicit sequence learning ability and explicit sequence learning ability had age differences;at the solidification stage,implicit sequence learning ability had no age difference,explicit sequence learning ability had age differ-ences;at the learning stage,the performance of the explicit learning group was stronger overall;while at the solidi-fication stage,the trends of increase of learning performance of the groups using different ways of learning were similar;there was no correlation between basic motion ability and implicit sequence learning ability,explicit se-quence learning ability.These indicate that the motion sequence learning abilities of elementary students are af-fected by age,but not affected by basic motion/movement abilities.