不同亏缺灌溉方式对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Different Deficit Irrigation Modes on Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

【目的】优选适宜的小麦节水灌溉模式。【方法】采用田间小区试验,以生育期内灌越冬水、拔节水和开花水为对照(CK),设置了3种不同的亏缺灌溉模式:浇拔节水和开花水(T1)、拔节水+开花水隔畦交替灌溉(T2)、返青水+孕穗水+开花水隔畦交替灌溉(T3)。在拔节期和开花期,测定了小麦光合速率、蒸腾速率、棵间蒸发量、干物质量,并测定了小麦的产量和水分利用效率。【结果】T1处理小麦的光合速率与CK无显著差异,但蒸腾速率显著低于CK。在T2、T3处理中,干区、湿区的光合速率与CK也无显著差异,但干区小麦的蒸腾速率显著低于CK和湿区。各处理棵间蒸发量均显著低于CK。T2、T3处理中干区小麦的棵间蒸发量均显著低于湿区。T1处理提高了小麦花后干物质积累量,但花前干物质转移量减少。T2、T3处理湿区小麦花后干物质积累量高于CK,但花前干物质转移量显著低于CK。T2、T3处理干区小麦花后干物质积累量均显著低于湿区,但花前干物质转移均高于湿区小麦。T1、T2和T3处理对小麦产量没有显著影响,但均显著减少灌溉水量和作物的耗水量。【结论】3种时空亏缺灌溉模式均显著提高了小麦灌溉水利用效率和水分利用效率。

【Objective】The objective is to optimize suitable wheat water-saving irrigation mode.【Method】The field plot experiments were conclucted with the traditional water mode(plant was irrigated at over wintering stage,jointing stage and flowering stage)was used as the control(CK),and 3 different deficit irrigation modes:plant was irrigated only at jointing and flowering stage(T1),alternate furrow irrigation was carried out at jointing and flowering stage(T2),and alternate furrow irrigation was carried out at jointing stage,booting stage and flowering stage(T3).Photosynthesis,transpiration and interplant evaporation,were measured at jointing and flowering stages,dry matter accumulation and transfer,grain yield and water use efficiency of wheat were measured at maturity.【Result】The photosynthetic rate of wheat of T1 treatment was similar to that of CK,but the transpiration rate was significantly lower than that of CK.Under T2 and T3,photosynthetic rate of wheat in dry and wet area were similar to that of CK,but the transpiration rate of wheat in dry area was significantly lower than that of CK and wet area.The soil evaporation amount of T1,T2 and T3 was significantly lower than that of CK.The soil evaporation amount of dry area of T2 and T3 treatment was significantly lower than that of wet area.The amount of dry matter accumulation after flowering increased,but the amount of dry matter transfer before flowering decreased with T1.The dry matter accumulation of wheat in wet areas of T2 and T3 was higher than that of CK,but the dry matter transfer was lower than that of CK.The dry matter accumulation of wheat in dry areas of T2 and T3 was lower than that of CK,but the dry matter transfer was higher than that of CK.There was no significant effect on wheat yield of T1,T2 and T3,but both irrigation water and crop water consumption were significantly reduced.【Conclusion】Our experimental results showed that 3 different deficit irrigation modes significantly improved the irrigation water use efficiency and water use efficiency of wheat.