柳杉全同胞家系生长和材性的遗传变异及优良家系选择

Growth and wood property genetic variation analysis and superior family selection of Cryptomeria full-sib family

研究林木家系间生长性状和材性性状遗传变异情况,并从中挑选优良家系,为林木生长及材性改良提供科学依据。以福建霞浦国有林场40个柳杉全同胞家系子代为研究对象,分析其生长性状(树高、胸径和材积)和材性性状(比重、心材率、偏心率、树皮率、管胞长度、管胞宽度和管胞长宽比)遗传变异特点。结果表明:1)柳杉不同家系间树高、胸径、树皮率、管胞长度、管胞宽度和管胞长宽比均达到了差异极显著水平,比重、材积性状达到显著差异水平,而木材心材率和偏心率则差异不显著;2)比重、材积、偏心率、树皮率、树高、胸径、管胞长度、管胞宽度、管胞长宽比均受到中等及中等以上遗传力控制;3)柳杉树高与胸径、材积存在极显著正相关;胸径与材积、管胞长度、管胞长宽比存在显著水平正相关,材积与管胞长度、管胞长宽比也存在极显著正相关;4)以胸径和比重作为简单指数选择法的选择性状,计算出各家系选择指数值I值,按10%入选率,选出I值最高的4个家系,分别是34#(7-3)、3#(6-2)、2#(7-5)和20#(20-10)。这些结论可为柳杉生长及材性改良提供科学参考。

The variation of growth traits(height,diameter at breast height(dbh),volume)and wood traits(specific gravity,hardwood ratio,eccentricity,bark ratio,tracheid length,tracheid width,length-width ratio of tracheid)of 40 full-sib families in state-own forest farm of Xiapu in Fujian province were examined and explored.Results are as follows:1)Height,dbh,bark ratio,tracheid length,tracheid width and length-width ratio of tracheid among Cryptomeria families were ofsignificance at P<0.01.Specific gravity and volume showed statistical significance while hardwood ratio and eccentricity performed no significant difference.2)Heritability of specific gravity,volume,eccentricity,hardwood ratio,bark ratio,height,dbh,tracheid length,tracheid width,length-width ratio of tracheid reached a medium or high level of genetic control.3)Height was of extremly significant positive correlation with dbh and volume;dbh was of significant positive correlationwith volume,tracheid length,tracheid width and length-width ratio of tracheid;while volume is of extremely significant positive correlation with tracheid length,length-width ratio of tracheid.4)Under the selection ratio of 10 percent and using dbh and specific gravity as traits of simple selection index,four superior families were chosen as follows:34#(7-3),3#(6-2),2#(7-5)and 20#(20-10).These results provide a way approach to improvement of growth and wood traits of Cryptomeria.