我国《民法总则》紧急救助条款的功能定位及其完善

The Function Orientation and Perfection of the Emergency Rescue Clause in General Rules of Civil Law of China

我国《民法总则》中新规定了紧急救助条款,回应了近些年来在国内反复出现的“见危不救”的社会现实,具有很强的现实关怀和社会功能。紧急救助法律制度与无因管理法律制度、见义勇为法律制度无论是在行为要件或法律后果方面都有着不同的要求和区别。紧急救助应当坚持“善意”救助的基本原则,应当尽到善良管理人的注意。适用一般的过错责任原则,由受助人对救助人的过错进行举证。建立紧急救助责任社会基金,为受助人的受偿权提供更加牢固的保障。

In the General Rules of Civil Law of our country,the emergency rescue clause is newly stipulated,which responds to the social reality of “seeing danger and not saving”,which has repeatedly appeared in our country in recent years,and has strong realistic care and social function.There are different requirements and differences among the legal system of emergency rescue,negotiorum gestio and doing boldly what is righteous in terms of the elements of conduct or the legal consequences.Emergency rescue should adhere to the basic principle of bona fide and fulfil the care duty of the good manager.Applying the general principle of fault liability,the burden of proof for the fault of resuer should be borne by the rescued.The establishment of a social fund for Emergency Relief Liability provides a stronger guarantee for the right to compensation of recipients.