学龄前儿童6595名体格发育偏离及营养相关性疾病现况分析

Analysis the prevalence of physical development deviation and nutrition-related diseases among 6 595 preschool children

目的了解西安市雁塔区学龄前儿童体格发育偏离及营养相关性疾病患病情况,为做好儿童保健工作提供参考。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,利用随机数字表于2017年3月抽取西安市雁塔区17家托幼机构2017年在园的6 862名儿童,于3—9月入园体检,对符合条件的儿童的体检结果进行统计分析。结果符合纳入标准6 595名,生长迟缓率0.09%(6名),低体质量率0.08%(5名);消瘦率0.55%(36名)、超重率13.45%(887名)、肥胖6.14%(405名);龋齿率15.51%(1 023名),贫血率5.14%(339名)。研究结果显示,男童生长迟缓率、肥胖率高于女童(均P<0.001);女童龋齿率、低体质量率、消瘦率高于男童(均P<0.05),随着年龄的增加,儿童生长迟缓、低体质量、肥胖、龋齿、贫血的检出率有增大的趋势(均P<0.05),超重检出率有下降的趋势(P<0.001)。结论西安市雁塔区学龄前儿童体格发育不良比例较低,但超重、肥胖率偏高,龋齿、贫血患病的绝对人数不容忽视。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of the physical development deviation and nutrition?related diseases among pre?school children in Yanta District of Xi'an City and to provide reference for child health care work.Methods Stratified random clus?ter sampling method was used to select 6 862 children from 17 kindergartens in Yanta District of Xi'an City in 2017.We carried out physical examination for these children from March to September,2017 and conducted statistical analysis of the results of eligible children.Results A total of 6 595 preschoolers met the inclusion criteria.The rates of growth retardation,low body mass,thinness,overweight,obesity,caries,and anemia were 0.09%(6/6 595),0.08%(5/6 595),0.55%(36/6 595),13.45%(887/6 595),and 6.14%(405/6 595),15.51%(1 023/6 595),and 5.14%(339/6 595).The research results showed that the growth retardation rate and obesity rate of boys were higher than those of girls(both P<0.001).The rates of dental caries,low body mass and thinness of girls were higher than those of boys(all P<0.05).With the increase of age,the detection rates of growth retardation,low body mass,obesity,dental caries and anemia tended to increase(all P<0.05).The detection rate of overweight of children tended to decrease(P<0.001).Conclusion The proportion of dystrophy in preschool children in Yanta District is relatively low,but the overweight and obesity rates are relatively high and the absolute number of children with dental caries and anemia needs to be taken seriously.