对刘伯温与诸葛亮历史评价的省思

Reflections on the Historical Evaluation of Liu Bowen and Zhuge Liang

国人对刘基的历史评价远逊于对诸葛亮的历史评价,论文探讨其原因有十二条:小说《三国演义》以及历来戏剧、影片与动漫等的影响;“贵古贱今”的心理;历代骚人墨客之诗作对孔明之歌咏;儒家“忠”(于君、国)观念之影响;人类的同情之心与悲悯之情更倾向于悲剧英雄孔明;孔明文章以“情”胜,感人肺腑程度超过以“理”胜的启人哲思的伯温文章;刘备、孔明君臣相待以诚,感动人心远超过朱元璋对待伯温之颇多心机与算计;孔明之“出师未捷身先死”感人肺腑,伯温可能被国君所毒害则仅令人唏嘘;孔明有一感动人心与赚人热泪的托孤史,而伯温则无;民众对汉末三国时期的关注程度远远超过对元末明初时期的关注;对各自所处天下局势之通透了解,孔明早慧于伯温;孔明“汉贼不两立”“王业不偏安”观念影响中国人“大一统”观念至为深远。

The historical evaluation of Liu Ji is worse than that of Zhu Geliang by Chinese people.The article discusses 12 reasons:influences of the novel The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the historical drama,film and animation,etc.;the mentality of“Precious Ancients”;the poets of all ages praised Kong Ming;the Confucian Influence on the Concept of“Loyalty”;the compassion and sadness of human beings are more inclined to Kong Ming;Kong Ming’s articles touch the bottom of one’s heart more than Liu Bowen articles;Liu Bei and Kong Ming treat each other with sincerity and touch people’s hearts far more than Zhu Yuanzhang’s treatment to Liu Bowen;Kong Ming’s performance touches the chords of people’s hearts,and Liu Bowen’s death poisoned by Zhu Yuanzhang may be sighing;Kong Ming’s historical fact on taking care of the young Emperor moves people while Liu Bowen has no;The public pay much more attention to the period of late Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms than to period of the late Yuan and the early Ming dynasty;With a thorough understanding of the situation in their respective countries,Kong Ming surpassed Liu Bowen;Kong Ming’s Influence on the Unity of Chinese People is Far-reaching.