“引气不齐”版本小考——兼论《典论·论文》时代的体气观念

Textual Exploration on the Version “Irregularity of Temperament”——Concurrent Discussion on Dianlun Lunwen(Cao Pi’s Classical Treatise: on Literary Writing) and Concept of Body and Winds during Kingdom of Wei

傅刚在《〈典论·论文〉二题》一文中谈到了《典论·论文》不同版本对于“引气不齐,巧拙有素”一句的记载,认为曹丕实际是用乐器中的箫管吹奏作譬喻,亦即以箫管各孔位置先天确定、不同位置之孔发出的声音不同、巧拙亦各有差异,来比喻父兄子弟个人所禀资质也不可以互相转移,最终得出了作“孔气”更合于文意的结论,然而从行文的句子结构对应、管乐演奏的角度看,并考虑到曹丕时代人对“气”的特殊认识(认为人在一定意义上是另一种形式的“器”),可以判断,“引气不齐”一语更符合作者的原意。

Fu Gang talks in his article Two Topics of Dianlun Lunwen(Cao Pi’s Classical Treatise:On Literary Writing)about the recordation of“irregularity of temperament and clever and clumsy in nature”in the different editions of Dianlun Lunwen.He claimed that Cao Pi actually compared this sentence with the play of a vertical bamboo flute which is one of the musical instruments.Each hole of a vertical bamboo flute is determined naturally with different sound from different holes.While the smart or clumsy also exists in different individuals which means the aptitude or intelligence between father,sons and brothers cannot be transferred one another.At last,he concluded that“air from holes”is more adaptable to literary context.However,from the sentence structure correspondence of the article and also from the perspective of the wind instrument performance,he considers the special recognition for the“Qi”-air during the period of Cao Pi(believing the human is another form of“Qi”-instrument).It can be evaluated that the version“irregularity of temperament”is more aligned with the author’s original intention.