清代至民国时期温州传统衣橱铜面叶研究

Study of Copper Handles of Wenzhou’s Traditional Wardrobes from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China Era

清代至民国时期,传统衣橱在温州民间使用极为普遍,衣橱门面板上的铜面叶占据了门面板较大的面积,处于视觉中心,极富装饰性,是温州传统家具铜皮中最具代表性的铜饰件。铜面叶种类丰富、形状多样,注重形式感与整体气韵的表达。各种铜面叶上均錾刻有精美而复杂的纹饰,其中的戏曲人物、花鸟瑞兽到几何图案,生动地呈现了当时的民俗趣味。铜面叶采用当地出产的黄铜板或铜板镀镍制作,通过形态各异的凿刀的划、凿、錾、刻,再经大小不同的锉刀打磨修正,形成了融划线、定型、錾花、錾底、锤和、镂空、裱绸等多种工艺手法于一身的华丽精美的家具铜饰件,为凝重沉稳的温州传统民间衣橱增添了一份细节美和亮丽的质感美。

From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China era,traditional wardrobes were widely used in Wenzhou.In the door planks of the wardrobes there were copper handles that occupied a relatively huge area and became the visual focus.They were decorative and were the most typical copper ornament of Wenzhou’s traditional copper-coated furniture.Copper handles have various types and shapes,which lay emphasis on the representations of forms and spirits.Their patterns vary from Chinese opera characters,flowers and animals to geometry designs,through which the folk custom are vividly presented.The copper handles are made of local produced copper sheet or nickel plating copper,crafted with chisels of various shapes,and polished by files of different sizes.In this way,those elegant copper furniture ornaments combine diversified craft techniques including lineation,sizing,patterning,texture carving,hammering joint,hollowing,silk underlying and so on,and add the beauty of details and textures to the dignified Wenzhou’s traditional folk furniture.