让乡村建设回归乡土文化——基于磐安农房改造的观察与反思

Rural Construction Re-embraces Rural Culture——A Review and Rethinking over the Reconstruction of Rural Housing in Pan’an County, Zhejiang Province

浙江省磐安县农房改造是当代中国乡村建设的一个缩影,它反映了中国乡村建设普遍存在的困境:文脉断裂、审美缺失。本文主要探讨磐安农房改造过程中“拆旧建新”的农房改造模式和墙绘美化工程所呈现的问题,并通过分析中国本土建筑师的建筑实践反思:乡村建设应当摆脱城市思维,重新审视非历史保护性旧建筑的价值,用一种“新旧共生”的设计策略应对乡村城市化过程中的诸多挑战,将地方材料、传统建造技艺与现代建筑相结合来反映乡村建筑的地域特征,重建乡村文化。

As a miniature of the rural construction in modern China,the reconstruction of the rural housing in Pan’an County,Zhejiang Province,shows the commonly-seen deficiencies in the rural construction work:lack of aesthetic design and absence of cultural features.This paper mainly discusses the rural reconstruction mode of“building new houses after demolishing old ones”in Pan’an,and reviews the problems occurring in the painting and decoration of walls.Through looking into the works of Chinese local architects,the author gives his idea that in the construction of countrysides,the thinking pattern in building cities should be abandoned while the non-historical protective old buildings should be evaluated in a new light.A design strategy of“putting up new buildings while remaining old ones”should be adopted to address the multiple challenges brought by the rural urbanization and to demonstrate the regional characteristics of rural buildings by combining locally-produced materials,traditional construction techniques and modern buildings,thus eventually bringing the traditional country culture back to life.