商业周期:凯恩斯与哈耶克论战的理论起点——技术路线冲突与哲学方法论分歧的学理解析

Business Cycles: The Theoretical Starting Point of the Debate between John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich Hayek——An Academic Explication of their Technical Route Conflict and Philosophical Method Divergence

凯恩斯与哈耶克之争缘起于对商业周期的分歧,总体来说,凯恩斯认为货币具有内在价值,它是经济体总量中的重要组成因素,商业周期的原因在于经济运行无法像古典经济学理想模型那样自发达成均衡,因此,商业周期必须通过政策干预才能解决;哈耶克的观点则正好相反,认为商业周期正是人为地控制货币发行量带来的恶果,解决的办法只能靠市场自身的机制恢复平衡。二者对于商业周期的理解在表面上体现了经济学技术向度的冲突,背后实乃哲学方法论的分歧。对二者关于商业周期论争的学理剖析,有助于从源头厘清论战的来龙去脉,从而深度挖掘论战的理论遗产,为当下经济社会发展提供理论参考。

The debate between Keynes and Hayek originates from their conflict in understanding business cycles.In general,Keynes thinks that currency holds innate value and it is an important constituent factor in economic aggregate,business cycles are caused by the economy’s inability to achieve spontaneous equilibrium as in the ideal classical economic model,and thus the problem of business cycles can only be solved by the policy intervention.In contrast,Hayek argues that business cycles are the disastrous effect brought about by the human intervention in currency supply,and this problem can only be solved by relying on the mechanism of market to recover equilibrium.Their different understanding of business cycles on the surface level reveal the conflict in the dimension of economic technology,but in the deep level,but on the deep level show the divergence in their philosophical methods.An academic explication of their debate helps to clarify this issue its origin and development,makes it possible to unearth the theoretical legacy,and provides theoretical reference for the development of current economy and society.