2Song X, Mitnitski A, Rockwood K. Prevalence and 10-year outcomes of frailty in older adults in relation to deficit accumulation [ J ]. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2010, 58(4) :681-687.
3de Vries NM, Staal JB, van Ravens- berg CD, et al. Outcome instruments to measure frailty:a systematic review [ J]. Ageing Res Rev, 2011, 10 (1) :104-114.
4Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype[ J]. J Gero- ntul A Biol Sei Med Sei, 2001, 56 (3) :M146-M156.
5Rolfson DB, Majumdar SR, Tsuyuki RT, et al. Validity and reliability of the Edmonton Frail Scale [ J ]. Age Ageing, 2006,35 ( 5 ) : 526-529.
6Bell SP, Orr NM, Dodson JA, et al. What to expect from the evolving field of geriatric cardiology[ J]. J Am Coil Cardiol, 2015, 66 ( 11 ) : 1286-1299.
7Ensrud KE, Ewing SK, Taylor BC, et al. Comparison of 2 frailty indexes for prediction of falls, disability, fractures, and death in older women [ J ]. Arch Intern Med, 2008, 168 (4) :382-389.
8Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C, et al. A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people [J]. CMAJ, 2005, 173 (5): 489-495.
9Jones DM, Song X, Rockwood K.Operationalizing a frailty index from a standardized comprehensive geriatric assessment [ J ]. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2004, 52(11) :1929-1933.
10Ekdahl AW, Sjtstrand F, Ehrenberget A, et al. Frailty and comprehensive geriatric assessment organized as CGA-ward or CGA- consult for older adult patients in the acute care setting: A systematic review and meta-analysis [ J ]. Eur Geriatr Med, 2015, 6(6) :523-540.